The quantum cooler can help to maintain quantum entanglement.

The network of the superpositioned and entangled particles can make theoretically stable qubits possible. In that model, when both quantum entanglement sides reach the same energy level, the system forms new superpositioned and entangled particle pairs using the receiving particle of the particle pairs. And then. It transmits data to the third part of the quantum entanglement. That allows the system to create a network, where quantum entanglements. When the first particle pair energy level reaches the same level, that thing can transport information into the new quantum entanglement. 

The quantum system puts two particles in line when it starts to make quantum superpositions and entanglement. During this process,  that system points energy to another particle. That energy forms the quantum shadow or quantum tunnel between those particles. Then energy shadow pulls information into that channel. 

And then that thing adjusts the oscillation in the receiving part of the entanglement pair. The higher energy particle is transmitting, and the lower energy particle is the receiver part.  Energy always travels to lower energy areas. If the energy levels on both sides of the quantum entanglement are at the same level, information will not travel. 

The requirement for quantum entanglement is that another side of the superpositioned and entangled particles is on a lower energy level than the transmitting side. When the quantum entanglement reaches the same energy level on both sides, it destroys the entanglement. 

There forms a standing wave between those particles. Reflection from that wave destroys the quantum entanglement. Reflecting energy pushes those particles away from the entirety. That limits the use of the quantum computers. The problem is that the quantum entanglement's receiving part's energy level rises. If the system can transmit energy from the receiving side, it can handle that problem. 

There are three ways to handle that problem. The first way is to put the quantum shadow over the quantum entanglement and that thing decreases its energy level. Then the system can raise the energy level on the transmitting side. In that version, the system decreases the quantum entanglement energy level to a minimum level and the system raises the transmitting side's energy level. 

The second way is to use the double entanglement. When the receiving side of the quantum entanglement reaches the same energy level as the transmitting side, that system can make a superposition from the receiving side to another particle. That turns the receiving side into the transmitting side, and then the system can transport data to the new quantum entanglement. Using those systems researchers can make a theoretically unlimited network of superpositioned and entangled particles. 

Another possibility to handle receiving is the quantum thermal pump that can control the energy level of the receiving part of quantum entanglement. 

The quantum thermal pump that can transmit energy away from the receiving part of the quantum entanglement can extend the existence of the quantum entanglement. 

The solution can be the third particle. That is in the line, with the receiving particle. The third particle must be bigger than the receiving particle. That thing forms an electromagnetic shadow over the receiving particle. Or the system can transport lower energy particles near the receiving particle. The idea is that the lower-energy particle or lower-energy channel makes energy travel out from the receiving particle. And that makes it possible to conduct energy away from the receiving particle. 

AI uses human uncertainty to predict people's behavior.

Mathematicians can use Botlzmann's formulas to create a model of how to predict human behavior. 

The reason why we cannot predict human behavior completely is that we don't have enough data from that person's life. The idea is that similar people with similar backgrounds behave in similar ways. To make the needed data matrix the researchers need complete, and confirmed data about the person's genotypes and social background. 

When we want to predict human behavior, we must determine what behavior we want to predict. Do we want to predict physical things, like where the person moves their hand? Or do we want to predict things, like how a person behaves in the voting situation? So, do we want to predict mental or physical things?  

When the AI wants to predict things like where the boxer punches next time, the AI must know data, if a boxer is left or right-handed. Then the system can use statistics to predict, which side the punches come from. And the AI can see things like muscle tension to see which hand will rise next. 

When the AI wants to predict human mental behavior, it can create a psychological profile. People normally vote for people, who have similar values to them. So, the system must collect data about a person's writings and other lifestyle. Things like outfits and other things tell about the values that person has, and then the AI can search for who has similar arguments in politics. 

And of course, things like addictions like the price of cigarettes are important for people, who smoke much. Those kinds of things also drive voting behavior. 

Isaac Asimov's psychohistory is based on the idea, that similar people behave in similar ways in similar situations. 

The things that determine our nature are our genetic background and our experience background. If that kind of database is created for every single individual on earth, that makes it possible to create models, of how certain people behave. 

The AI needs information for those profiles. The thing is that the AI can handle a very large data mass. When we think about Isaac Asimov's psychohistory, which predicts how a large human group behaves, the system uses Boltzmann's formulas to predict the gas movements. In Asimov's model, the atoms are humans. And the winds are the political movements. 

But when Isaac Asimov wrote his legendary SciFi novel-series "Foundation" there were no quantum computers and AI. And the DNA was unknown. The DNA is the human genetic code, that tells who we are. When we think about the ability to predict how people behave, we can make a matrix, of how similar people acted in history. Similar people who are in similar positions with similar backgrounds act in similar ways. 

Our genetic background along with our experiences determines our behavior. And in those models, the AI uses data about how similar people behave in history, and then those systems search for similar people. So, if the AI wants to predict how a certain person behaves, the AI must find a similar person with a similar background and then see, how that person behaves. 

https://bigthink.com/the-present/ai-model-decision-making/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychohistory

Neutron stars can uncover what the WIMPs can be.

"A recent study from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics suggests that neutron stars could play a crucial role in understanding dark matter. The study found that dark matter particles, when colliding within neutron stars, can quickly heat these stars, potentially making them observable through future astronomical technologies. This rapid heating process, previously thought to take longer than the universe’s age, now appears achievable within days, providing a new method to study dark matter’s interactions with regular matter." (ScitechDaily, Dark Matter Decoded: How Neutron Stars May Solve the Universe’s Biggest Mystery)

Neutron stars can explain dark matter. At least, part of it. In some models, the dark matter can be the curvature in spacetime. So, the thing is that dark matter is the virtual material, that puts gravity waves moving. The curvature in spacetime can mean a very small space. There are models where the "U-shape" structures in superstrings can put gravity waves moving. 

In some other models, dark matter is a so-called singularity. In singular material, all particles and quantum fields are one entirety. In some theories that material can form black holes. The idea is that when particles get a high enough energy load, that energy turns material into singularity. And that tells the thing can make it a black hole. In some theories, the dark matter is like exciton. 

So dark matter can be a hole in the energy field. Or it can be material whose temperature is lower than 3K cosmic background. If that material is at a lower energy level than 3K or if its energy level is lower than 0K that material is not possible to detect. The 0K is the absolute zero point in the universe. 

But if some material reaches a lower temperature, that material forms a pothole in the quantum fields. The radiation cannot reach that hypothetical material, because it must go through energy minimum. And in that moment. The material reaches the same energy level as its environment. 

In that moment material blends into its environment. In the same way, the radiation cannot travel through energy minimum. An energy minimum seals the particle away from the environment. A hypothetical particle, with a temperature lower than zero kelvin cannot interact with its environment. Or its interaction is so weak, that we cannot notice it. 

There are many theories about what the dark matter can be. Some theories explain that the mystery gravitational effect is the impacting gravity fields. That offers an answer to the key question of dark matter. Why are there no weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) detections? What makes dark matter mysterious is this. It doesn't seem to have a source. The other version of that theorem is this. When the universe expands, quantum fields travel out from it. 

That energy is like plaque that impacts the smallest particles in the universe. When that energy impacts particles or the small strings between quarks and gluons, that thing makes those strings or particles over energy. When energy impacts particles, it just increases their mass. There is the possibility that dark matter is so-called free superstrings. 

In some theories, those superstrings form the particles or the whisk-looking structure that we know as particles. Suppose there is a free superstring structure in the universe. That means that there is a material that is different from what we know. All known particles that we know are like balls. Free superstrings are like wires. 

And that means those superstrings can exist separately from the ball-shaped particles, which means that we are hard to see that thing. In string theory, the superstrings are the smallest possible parts of material and energy. Those strings form whisk-looking structures like quarks around the mass center, that could be quantum-size black holes. 

Sometimes researchers argue which is the right thing. The quantum field theory explains material as the internal structures of quantum fields. And superstring theory explains materia as the entire of superstrings. It's possible that both those theories are right. The possibility is that quantum fields are like gauze over the quantum strings. 

And if particles spin too fast that effect causes a situation. That energy flows out from the spin axle. In this process, outcoming energy travels in the particle. If spin is too fast outcoming energy pushes the particle into the form, that looks like a stick. This thing can turn particles invisible. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-decoded-how-neutron-stars-may-solve-the-universes-biggest-mystery/

The Higgs Boson's role in the standard model is unique.

"When the electroweak symmetry is broken, the W+ gets its mass by eating the positively charged Higgs, the W- by eating the negatively charged Higgs, and the Z0 by eating the neutral Higgs. The other neutral Higgs becomes the Higgs boson, detected and discovered earlier this decade at the LHC. The photon, the other combination of the W3 and the B boson, remains massless.(BigThink, The Higgs boson’s most captivating puzzle still remains)

The Higgs boson's energy level is about 125 GeV. That means its existence is very short. The Higgs boson is the last particle, that researchers could connect into a standard model. The Higgs boson may be the last particle, that we can find using particle accelerators that fit on Earth. Maybe the Higgs boson is not the particle that Peter Higgs predicted in 1963, but that is speculation. 

The Higgs boson is unique because it's the only known scalar boson. There is suspicion that there could be other scalar bosons. But those scalar bosons are not founded yet. And another interesting thing is its interaction. The W boson gets its mass from the Higgs boson, and that means the Higgs boson can interact with weak nuclear force. 

"This diagram shows how a free neutron (or antineutron) decays at the subatomic level. A down quark (or antiquark) within a neutron (or antineutron), shown on the left in red, emits a virtual W-(or W+) boson, transforming into an up quark (or antiquark). The W-(or W+) boson forms an electron/electron antineutrino (or positron/electron neutrino) pair, while the up quark (or antiquark) recombines with the original remnant up-and-down quarks (or antiquarks) to form a proton (or antiproton). This is the process behind all beta decays in the Universe." (BigThink, The Higgs boson’s most captivating puzzle still remains)

The four fundamental forces (or interactions) and their transmitting particles are: 

Gravitation                                 Graviton (Predicted)

Electromagnetism                     Photon

Weak nuclear force                   W and Z bosons. 

Strong nuclear force                 Gluons. 

When we are looking at the list of particles that are released when the Higgs boson decays. There is a prediction that decay releases also a gluon pair. So is the Higgs boson the tensor particle that can transform the strong nuclear interaction that transportation particle is gluon to the weak nuclear interaction that transportation particles are W and Z bosons? 

If we think that the interaction chain from the gluon to the W boson is this. The gluon transports energy to the Higgs boson, which transports it into the W boson. Then W boson sends energy to the Z boson. And that thing transfers it to the photon. 

"When a symmetry is restored (yellow ball at the top), everything is symmetric, and there is no preferred state. When the symmetry is broken at lower energies (blue ball, bottom), the same freedom, of all directions being the same, is no longer present. In the case of the electroweak (or Higgs) symmetry, when it breaks, there’s a spontaneous process that occurs, giving mass to the particles in the Universe." (BigThink, The Higgs boson’s most captivating puzzle still remains)

So, could a series of interactions from the strong nuclear force to the electromagnetism be like this? 

Gluon>Higgs boson>W boson>Z boson>photon. 

The point of the graviton is a mystery. And that particle's existence is not confirmed. In some visions, the graviton is similar to the electron hole, but the maker of the hole is different from the electron. If things like gluons can make similar holes with electrons that tells why gravitation is so complicated. The gluon itself has no electric load. But it could change its color charge. The gluon can have eight color states. And those color states can act like electromagnetism in the electrons. 

In some other versions, the graviton is a virtual particle. The energy walley around the "sombrero model". This thing makes it possible for the energy will transfer to the sombrero-shaped structure that we call material. 

However, the remarkable detail in the standard model and known particles is that there are two particles with no confirmed mass. Gluon and photon. In some models, the gluon is a particle that hovers in its electromagnetic or quantum field. 

It's possible that if the particle's energy level is high enough and its size is small enough, it can force gravity waves to travel past it. And if those gravity waves cannot touch particles. They have no mass. Or those particles' mass is impossible to measure. 

Because energy travels out from the particle it can push other energy fields including gravitational waves around it. The gluon is a small and high-energy particle. That makes it possible for the energy flowing out from the particle can push gravitational waves from around it. That means the gravitational waves cannot touch gluon and that makes it massless. But then gluon releases its energy to Higgs boson. 

The weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) and the dark energy particles are not in the standard model. That means there could be particle groups that are not in that model, and that thing denies information exchange between those particles and known particles. Or those particles are the "missing particles" below the Higgs boson. 

In some models, the photon is like an electric arc. That follows something massive but very weakly interacting particles. When that massive particle travels through the quantum fields it makes a channel behind it. When that channel collapses it could form photons. And that means the photon can cover that dark and weakly interacting particle below it. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/higgs-boson-captivating-puzzle/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Neutron stars can involve dark matter.

Researchers use supermassive and massive objects to observe the dark matter. The dark matter is the gravitational effect, and researchers use things like galactic clusters to see how the dark matter bends the light. Researchers calculate how much those objects should weigh. Then they, see how much the object turns or blends the light in the gravity lens. That tells what is the real mass of the object. 

In some models dark matter or weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) are inside all or some other particles. The idea for that is from the observation that protons involved charm quark. The charm quark is a more massive particle than a proton. That gave the idea that the charm quark might hover in protons. And the next idea was this. Maybe dark matter's WIMP particle hovers in some other particle. 

Because dark matter interacts with gravity as well as visible material. Researchers should find dark matter near massive objects or gravity centers. The thing that makes this mysterious gravity effect interesting is that, theoretically, the material can turn invisible, and dark matter is only one state of matter. But is it real material or is it some kind of virtual material? 

Above: Neutron is a composition of 1 up quark and 2 down quarks.

Above: Proton is a composition of 1 down quark and 2 up quarks.

The "lone quark" model: 

Protons involve two up quarks and one down quark. Neutron has two down quarks and one up quark. If that lone quark turns into its anti-quark material may turn invisible. 

It's possible that the up quark can transform into its antiquark in neurons, or the down quark can transform into its antiquark in the protons. That causes a situation in which the antiquark cannot find its mirror particle. In that model, the lone quark's transformation turns the material dark. 

In some models, there is the possibility that all other particles can create similar holes with electrons. The electron-hole is a positive point in the electron orbital. It's possible. Researchers can apply this model to eight color states in gluons. 

So can the quarks and gluons have similar abilities with electrons? In that case, the gluon or quark quantum charge can turn opposite. So the color charges or color states act like electricity in, and between electrons. And that means the gluon can create similar holes with electrons. 

Theoretically, a quark can form a quark hole when the quark turns into its antiquark. And if the antiquark cannot interact with its opposite or mirror quark there is no annihilation. Annihilation is possible only when a particle interacts with its mirror particle. 

And if the down quark transforms into its mirror particle in proton, or the up quark can transform into its antiparticle in neutrons it's possible. That the anti-up or anti-down quark doesn't find its mirror particle. And there should not happen an annihilation. 

In some other models, the charm quark in the proton can turn into an anti-charm quark. The charm quark hovers in the protons, and if that thing turns into an anti-charm quark, it might not find the mirror particle. But then another question is, can this thing turn material into dark? 

https://phys.org/news/2024-03-physicists-dark-small-scale-solution.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Where are white holes?

Gravity affects quantum or energy fields. Those fields are things that we can call dimensions. And we can say that space is like water. Gravity is like flow that takes particles with it. 

We can think that the black hole's gravity field model is like a sombrero. Or actually, we can say that the gravitational field of a black hole is like a sombrero where is a hole or channel in the middle. The spin of that structure is the thing that acts as a generator. That keeps this structure in its form. The black hole will not create energy. 

It just moves energy from one place to another. The energy in that structure is in the form of gravity. And black holes turn all other three fundamental forces, electromagnetism, and weak and strong nuclear forces into gravity. So it adjusts the wave movement's frequency to the gravity frequency.

We can say that this channel is the low-pressure area in the gravity field. The outside energy pushes that structure against this channel. That low-pressure channel pulls gravity fields to it and denies the structure collapse. The outside energy pushes energy fields against that channel and the reason why the gravity field forms is that the channel takes radiation or energy fields out from the structure. When that outcoming energy impacts with material around the black hole, it pumps very much energy into that material. 

It's possible. The white holes are so large area that the energy rises very little in that phenomenon. 

White holes are theoretically the opposite phenomenon to black holes. In wormhole theory, white holes are places where energy comes out from the wormhole or Einstein-Rose bridge. But where are the white holes? The black hole is like a pothole or hole in the universe. And that means the white hole is like a hill in the universe. 

A theoretical wormhole is a gravitational tornado. That gravitational tornado is the hollow energy channel. Superstrings form the channel's shell. And when the distance to the black hole increases, the wormhole loses energy from its shell. And that means the wormhole starts to leak. 

When we think about that energy hill, we forget that the quantity of energy is the thing in white holes. So we can think, that the white hole can be a very wide and low hill. Those hills would involve as much energy as the black hole, but they are so wide that the rise in the energy level is very low. If we want to compare white holes with something physical, we can compare them with shield volcanoes. Those volcanoes can be very low, but they cover large areas. 

When we think about the wormholes as the cosmic gravitational tornado. We can understand why we cannot see white holes. Those gravitational tornadoes or energy channels are not ending suddenly. They will expand when their distance to the black holes increases. So that means they will turn larger and start to leak. The wormhole is the hollow energy channel and the shell of that channel is the thing, that interacts with its environment. 

The wormhole will erupt like some spring. When their distance from the black hole increases they lose energy, and that means they are starting to leak. The energy that the wormhole loses is the thing, that forms its shell. So when the wormhole loses energy from the hollow superstring structure or hollow energy channel's shell, that shell starts to leak. That means they form extremely large-area white holes. That means a white hole would be like a large-area hill where the energy level rises very little. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_hole

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

AI-driven fusion is the next step for fusion research.

"Researchers at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory are harnessing artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance fusion energy production, tackling the challenge of controlling plasma reactions. Their innovations include optimizing the design and operation of containment vessels and using AI to predict and manage instabilities, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of fusion reactions. This technology has been successfully applied in tokamak reactors, advancing the field towards viable commercial fusion energy. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, AI-Powered Fusion: The Key to Limitless Clean Energy)

The next-generation fusion systems use AI to control the environment. In Tokamak-type fusion reactors, the plasma, temperature is far higher than the Sun's core orbits in a donut shape accelerator. The plasma hovers in a magnetic field, that presses it in the shape of wire. 

When the system ignites the fusion the ignition lasers or opposite pole plasma will inject into the reactor. The problem is that in the flashpoint. When fusion starts in the middle of the plasma ring, the energy travels out from the plasma ring. Push it outside. The fusion energy destroys the plasma ring if it travels from the inside out. 

But if the fusion starts on the plasma ring's shell. it starts to push plasma into its form. In that system, the fusion reactor must create two internal, positive (ion) and negative (anion) plasma rings, and then drive them together. The idea is that the fusion starts in the shell of the internal plasma ring. The problem is how to control those plasma rings. 

The system should begin the fusion symmetrically in the outer shell of the plasma ring. In that case, fusion transfers energy in the plasma from its shell. And that energy keeps the plasma in its form. 

The ion-anion fusion. Where the system puts ions impact with anions could be promising. 

One of the theoretical systems that can be promising is the so-called double Tokamak, where the toruses or plasma rings in them touch each other. 

In the first ring the positive, and the second ring or reactor, the negative plasma orbits in the intensive heat and magnetic pressure. Then the system drives those plasma rings against each other. But making that system practical is difficult. The system must control those plasma rings with very high accuracy. The problem is how to control the contact points. and keep those plasma rings separated before the ignition starts. 

Double-tokamak-reactors model. In that case reactor system has two impact points. The ion plasma orbits in another and anion plasma orbits in another ring. The problem is how to control those ion and anion flows. And deny their impact too early. 

In some other systems, two linear accelerators will shoot positive or ion plasma against the negative, or anion plasma. When those accelerators shoot ions against anions at quite high speed, and the system aims for microwaves and lasers at the impact point, the system can create fusion. The only difference between double tokamak and linear fusion reactors is the shape of the accelerator. 

The temperature in the fusion system is higher than in the Sun. And that means the reactor must control that intense plasma with very high accuracy. And if the plasma comes too close to the reactor's shell. It burns a hole in the reactor immediately. In that case, the high-energy plasma causes the same effect as a hydrogen bomb. 

The fusion system offers a limitless energy solution but if the system cannot predict the situation, where plasma comes too close to the reactor's shell, that thing can cause destruction. The AI can control the reactor's magnets. And things like ignition systems. If those systems are not accurate enough, that destroys the plasma structure. 

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-powered-fusion-the-key-to-limitless-clean-energy/