New exoplanet found near Beta Pictoris.

"Beta Pictoris is located about 60 light-years away toward the constellation of Pictor (the Painter’s Easel) and is one of the best-known examples of a star surrounded by a dusty debris disc. This image, based on data from the Digitized Sky Survey 2, shows a region of approximately 1.7 x 2.3 degrees around Beta Pictoris. Credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2" (Wikipedia, Giant Alien World Found Hiding in Plain Sight for 11 Years)

Beta Pictoris is the second-brightest star in the constellation Pictor, 63 ly from Earth. This young A-spectral-class star has three known exoplanets. Beta Pictoris b and c are large worlds. Both of those worlds have masses about 10 times Jupiter's. The exact masses of those gas giants are seen in the table. 

Beta Pictoris d is farther. Its mass is about 2,5 times Jupiter's. This means this solar system seems to be upside down. Heavier planets are closer to Beta Pictoris. c is the closest. But the second one, Beta Pictoris b, is in the middle. And the last and lightest, Beta Pictoris d, is farthest. 

Those exoplanets' orbital periods are: Beta Pictoris c: about 3,29 years. Beta Pictoris b: about 23,77 years. And Beta Pictoris d: about 91 or more years.

"These images trace Beta Pictoris d over more than a decade, from its discovery with ESO’s VLT to earlier detections in archival VLT and JWST data. The arrow marks the faint planet, while the brighter Beta Pictoris b appears in the upper images; the diagonal band is the system’s edge-on debris disc. Credit: ESO/B. Sutlieff, M. Bonse et al." (Wikipedia, Giant Alien World Found Hiding in Plain Sight for 11 Years)

That means that those three massive planets are forming in a planetary system. There is lots of matter. Those large and heavy exoplanets may have very large moons. There is a material ring around Beta Pictoris. That means. Those three planets. They might not only.

Larger objects orbiting that star. The moon is an object that orbits a planet. This means those giant exoplanets. They can have large Earth-size moons. Or. Even larger orbiters. This means that those super exoplanets. They can have other gas giants orbiting them. And anyway, Beta Pictoris d is the faintest exoplanet ever found. 

By using an Earth-based telescope. Beta Pictoris is too young and too hot to host habitable worlds.  

“A series of images shows observations of the exoplanet Beta Pictoris d over more than a decade. (Image credit: ESO/B. Sutlieff, M. Bonse et al.”(Space.com)

“The motion of Beta Pictoris b. The orbital plane is viewed side-on; the planet is not moving towards the star.” (Wikipedia, Beta Pictoris b)

A-type star loses lots of mass. When. It turns mature.  The strong hydrogen line means that the star is young. But it also shows where that star was formed. 

It is a very hydrogen-rich nebula. Another interesting detail in the Beta Pictoris system is the large molecular ring around it. This dust disk is asymmetric. 

Those large planets in the Beta Pictoris system. Suggest this star. Could have traveled in some interstellar nebula. Then that star is pulled into that nebula around it. The gas giant. Doesn’t necessarily mean something light. Material. Or elements that formed the planet determine its weight. The planet can be larger than Earth. But it can have weaker gravity if it is formed of very light elements. This means that an exoplanet could be very different than any planet in our solar system. Those exoplanets are so different. 

That makes it impossible. To create. Some common models for planetary systems and their habitability. There are about 1,5-2 Earth-sized and Earth-mass planets in habitable zones. But most of those planets. They have no atmosphere. 

Things. like megaflares or some cosmic events. They can strip that atmosphere away in seconds. Or maybe some rocky worlds. They have no such core. That. It could form the magnetic field. Without a magnetic field, plasma eruptions strip the atmosphere into space. And in the case of large stars. Those plasma eruptions. They can travel to very long distances. A normal solar wind. It can blow the atmosphere off large planets. 

https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-discovers-hidden-planet-in-famous-star-system/

https://scitechdaily.com/giant-alien-world-found-hiding-in-plain-sight-for-11-years/

https://www.space.com/astronomy/exoplanets/found-you-astronomers-spot-faintest-exoplanet-ever-seen-from-earth-after-a-decade-of-hide-and-seek

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Pictoris

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Pictoris_b

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Pictoris_c

Barnard’s Star’s planets are weirder and more hostile than. Nobody expected.

“Artist’s illustration of exoplanets orbiting Barnard’s Star. Credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld” (ScitechDaily, These Nearby Alien Planets Are Stranger – and More Hostile – Than Expected)

Barnard’s Star is a small red dwarf. Slightly larger than Jupiter. The size of Barnard’s Star is two times that of Jupiter. But its mass is 150 times bigger. The age of that star is about 10 billion years.  Barnard’s Star has four planets. Those planets are sub-Earths. Mass between Venus and Mars. Those sub-Earths have weaker gravity. And Barnard’s Star's massive mass eruptions could reach their surface. If. Those planets have an atmosphere. They must have strong magnetic fields. That magnetic field should be as strong as. It drives those mass eruptions away from their surface and atmosphere. If those mass eruptions impact a planet’s atmosphere, they wipe it out into space immediately. 

“Just under six light-years from Earth, Barnard’s Star hosts four small worlds unlike any planet in our own Solar System. The nearby star, second only to Alpha Centauri in proximity to the Sun, now has its most detailed planetary profile yet.”(ScitechDaily, These Nearby Alien Planets Are Stranger – and More Hostile – Than Expected)

“All four planets, discovered in 2025, are smaller than Earth and Venus but larger than Mars. No planet within that size range exists in the Solar System.”(ScitechDaily, These Nearby Alien Planets Are Stranger – and More Hostile – Than Expected)

There are discussions about whether those planets' mass is enough to cause the wobbling movement of Barnard’s Star. Or could there be some more massive object that hides somewhere near that star? Sometimes that wobbling movement is explained as a rocket effect from those mass eruptions from that red dwarf. But legend remains. 

“Size comparison between Jupiter, Barnard's Star, and the Sun”. (Wikipedia, Barnard's Star)

"Barnard's Star has a mass of about 0.16 solar masses (M☉), and a radius about 0.2 times that of the Sun. Thus, although Barnard's Star has roughly 150 times the mass of Jupiter (MJ), its radius is only roughly twice as large, due to its much higher density. Its effective temperature is about 3,220 kelvin, and it has a luminosity of only 0.0034 solar luminosities. Barnard's Star is so faint that if it were at the same distance from Earth as the Sun is, it would appear only 100 times brighter than a full moon, comparable to the brightness of the Sun at 80 astronomical units." (Wikipedia, Barnard's Star)

"Barnard's Star has 10–32% of the solar metallicity. Metallicity is the proportion of stellar mass made up of elements heavier than helium and helps classify stars relative to the galactic population. Barnard's Star seems to be typical of the old, red dwarf population II stars, yet these are also generally metal-poor halo stars. While sub-solar, Barnard's Star's metallicity is higher than that of a halo star and is in keeping with the low end of the metal-rich disk star range; this, plus its high space motion, has led to the designation "intermediate population II star", between a halo and disk star. However, some recently published scientific papers have given much higher estimates for the metallicity of the star, very close to the Sun's level, between 75 and 125% of the solar metallicity." (Wikipedia, Barnard's Star)

They are more hostile than people thought. The superflares from that small red dwarf are impacting those planets. The age of that small star is about two times that of the Sun. But its small size makes it unstable. The planets must orbit it very close. And that means their surface is under a heavy particle bombardment. Radiation from Barnard’s Star is far on the red side of the electromagnetic spectrum. This means that Barnard’s Star transmits more IR radiation than the Sun. 

Those planets, if they are in the habitable zone. They are under heavy radiation because their dayside is locked to that star. The fact is that. Life as we know it on those planets is impossible. The red dwarfs. They might have habitable planets. But Barnard’s Star is not one of those stars. There, lifeforms as a form. As we know. Are possible. Those planets. And their tiny star. They are so different from Earth. That life as we know it could be possible. 

Then we must realize. That. Those red dwarf stars and their planets are so weird. 

That we cannot make any common models for those planets. Or. Maybe. We should say that the Sun is so weird. That we cannot make models for the most common star type in the universe. So, the locked planets are a more common planet type in the habitable zone. Barnard star. It was the first candidate star. That reseachers predicted. To host exoplanets. 

 The proper motion of that star is wobbling. That means that astronomers have believed Barnard’s Star could host a solar system since the 1960s. First reseachers thought that there was some kind of. Super-Earth. Orbiting that red dwarf. But then those suspicions vanished. Until. Those four super-Earths were found in 2025.

“Artist's conception of a planet in orbit around a red dwarf” (Wikipedia, Barnard’s Star)

 “Barnard's Star has been subject to multiple claims of planets that were later disproven. From the early 1960s to the early 1970s, Peter van de Kamp argued that planets orbited Barnard's Star. His specific claims of large gas giants were refuted in the mid-1970s after much debate. In November 2018, a candidate super-Earth planetary companion was reported to orbit Barnard's Star. It was believed to have a minimum mass of 3.2 M🜨 and orbit at 0.4 AU. However, work presented in July 2021 refuted the existence of this planet” (Wikipedia, Barnard’s Star)

We must realize. That van der Kamp. He was a trained astronomer. Who had the right to believe in the existence. Van der Kamp was wrong about those planets’ size. Confirmed planets were small sub-Earths. But those planets are very close to Barnard’s Star. That means friction from that star’s atmosphere should slow those planets’ speed. That means those planets could fall to that red dwarf. So could there be some “favorable Jupiter” outside that solar system? The favorable Jupiter means a massive object that stabilizes those planets’ trajectory. That object’s distance depends on its mass. 

So, if the mass of “favorable Jupiter” is two times Jupiter's. That means it orbits at a distance of two times Jupiter's distance. This distance also depends on the mass of the central star. This means that if the favorable Jupiter is at a very long distance from its star. That means its temperature is very low. And the red dwarf’s radiation impacts that hypothetical planet. It's very weak. Its temperature would be just higher. Than. absolute zero, or zero kelvin. 

The existence of those exoplanets was confirmed in 2025. Those four planets are larger than Mars. But smaller than Venus. There is a lot of magnesium in that solar system. When. We say something about a planet’s possible lifeforms. And how habitable those planets really are. We must say that if some planet seems hostile to humans. That planet is not hostile to creatures. That formed there. Even the most hellish planet is paradise for its endemic species. And here I don’t mean intelligent species. 

https://scitechdaily.com/these-nearby-alien-planets-are-stranger-and-more-hostile-than-expected/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard%27s_Star

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard's_Star_b

2024 article. Published just before those exoplanets were found. 

https://www.astronomy.com/science/discovery-of-a-tiny-exoplanet-sheds-new-light-on-a-very-old-star/

2018 article: Interesting information about the search for Barnard B. 

https://www.astronomy.com/science/the-complicated-history-of-planets-around-barnards-star/

The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere.

 The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere.

"Artist’s impression of exoplanet GJ 1132 b and its host M-dwarf star. Credit: Dana Berry, Skyworks Digital, CfA"

"JWST confirms GJ 1132 b lacks an atmosphere. This challenges the habitability of planets around M-dwarfs."

(ScitechDaily, JWST Solves the Mystery: Earth-Like Planet GJ 1132 B Has No Atmosphere)

The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere. And that causes some kind of re-estimation of the habitability of the M-type stars. Those M-type stars have violent eruptions that can raise the temperatures of their entire solar systems. Those solar systems are always quite small, and if the planet is in the habitable zone, that means it's locked because of tidal forces. 

The GJ 1132 b is almost a so-called hot Earth. That means there might not be a lifeform. But another question is, can we escalate those observations to other red dwarfs? Red dwarfs, or M-spectral class stars, are not all similar. Some of them are more active than others. 

If the planet is very young, that can explain the lack of atmosphere. The volcanic activity can explain the smoke or fog around the exoplanet GJ 1132 b. Or that slightly larger than Earth exoplanet can pull solar wind from its star, GJ 1132, an M4-type red dwarf, around it. This means the planet’s gravity pulls the gas that the red dwarf sends around it. And if the GJ 1132 b has a magnetosphere that pulls plasma around it. This means G J1132 b borrows its atmosphere from the star GJ 1132. 

The M-6 spectral Class star Proxima Centauri is under the influence of Alpha Centauri, and that means Alpha Centauri A and B’s star wind can affect Proxima Centauri and blow its atmosphere away. Or the gravitational effect of the bigger parts of this triple star system’s larger participants. Can pull the Proxima Centauri atmosphere off. The reaction can go like this. 

"Artist’s impression of GJ 1132 b – which now should be updated given its definitive lack of atmosphere. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Robert Hurt" (ScitechDaily, JWST Solves the Mystery: Earth-Like Planet GJ 1132 B Has No Atmosphere)

"Comparison of best-fit size of the exoplanet GJ 1132 b with the Solar System planet Earth, as reported in the Open Exoplanet Catalogue of 2015-11-14.  Open Exoplanet Catalogue (2015-11-14). Retrieved on 2015-11-14." (Wikipedia, GJ 1132 b)

Radiation from a binary star made the red dwarf shine brighter. That made M-star blow its atmosphere larger. Then the gravity and solar wind blew that material away. Some M-stars are more active than others. There are many variables that determine if a planet can have an atmosphere. If the red dwarf is very young, that means it's more active than older red dwarfs. Another thing is this. Planet formation is similar around red dwarfs as it was in our solar system. The planet that forms around M-type stars must have time to freeze.

The difference between M-stars and spectral class G-stars is that red dwarfs formed from a more mature nebula than G-stars. Those interplanetary nebulae formed when stars exploded as novae and supernovae. That means there are more heavy elements in the red dwarf system than in the G-type star systems. That means, there could also be more radioactive isotopes in those planets than in G-type stars’ planets. This could cause an effect. That some of those rocky planets are hotter than they should be. But that is hard to prove. 

The red dwarf could also form in a binary star system when the star’s heliospheres touch each other. That can cause the small star forms in that whirl. There is also a possibility that a red dwarf travels around space, and some bigger star traps it into its gravity field. The red dwarf can also steal planets from bigger stars' solar systems. If they travel close to the distant planets of the larger stars, those red dwarfs can take those planets to orbit around themselves. 

They can also trap rogue planets in their gravity field. There is a possibility that the Proxima Centauri planets originally orbited Alpha Centauri. Then Proxima trapped them in orbit around itself. 

https://scitechdaily.com/jwst-solves-the-mystery-earth-like-planet-gj-1132-b-has-no-atmosphere/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ_1132_b

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ_1132

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri

Telescopes found a gas giant candidate 4 light-years away.

    Telescopes found a gas giant candidate 4 light-years away. 

"This artist's concept shows what the gas giant orbiting Alpha Centauri A could look like. Observations of the triple-star system Alpha Centauri using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope indicate the potential gas giant, about the mass of Saturn, orbits the star by about two times the distance between the sun and Earth. In this concept, Alpha Centauri A is depicted at the upper left of the planet, while the other sun-like star in the system, Alpha Centauri B, is at the upper right. Our sun is shown as a small dot of light between those two stars. Credit: : NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, R. Hurt (Caltech/IPAC)" (Phys.org, Evidence found for planet around closest sun-like star)

"Now, Webb's observations from its Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) are providing the strongest evidence to date of a gas giant planet orbiting in the habitable zone of Alpha Centauri A. (The MIRI instrument was developed in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory [JPL], which is managed by Caltech for NASA). The habitable zone is the region around a star where temperatures could be right for liquid water to pool on a planet's surface." (Phys.org, Evidence found for planet around closest sun-like star)

The new Jupiter- or Saturn-type gas giant orbits Alpha Centauri A. That gas giant is interesting because its location is in the triple-star system. And another interesting thing is that. The exoplanet orbits the Alpha Centauri primary system. We have known for a while that there are two confirmed exoplanets and one exoplanet candidate around Proxima Centauri. But that new gas giant is something else. It orbits Alpha Centauri A, which is likely to be our Sun. And that raises the possibility of finding extraterrestrial life forms from the Alpha Centauri system.  

The fact is that we might not find exocivilization around those stars. And if there are no intelligent lifeforms on some planet, that makes it hard to detect those alien organisms. If those organisms are primitive caryotes, it is very hard to separate their metabolic products from those of other chemical reactions. If the planet is a so-called water world, its entire surface is covered by oceans. And those very primitive algae and bacteria can live in those oceans. 

The first organisms lived in the Earth's oceans. If alien prokaryotes are like the first prokaryotes that lived in the oceans, the atmosphere of the planet can be very hostile. There are many things. That determines whether the water world can support life. If the atmosphere is dense and the gravity is high, that means water cannot boil. 

There are creatures on Earth that can live in very high-temperature water near so-called hydrothermal vents. Those so-called black smokers are a volcanic eruption hole. 

"In contrast to the approximately 2 °C (36 °F) ambient water temperature at these depths, water emerges from these vents at temperatures ranging from 60 °C (140 °F)[6] up to as high as 464 °C (867 °F). Due to the high hydrostatic pressure at these depths, water may exist in either its liquid form or as a supercritical fluid at such temperatures. The critical point of (pure) water is 375 °C (707 °F) at a pressure of 218 atmospheres."  (Wikipedia, hydrothermal vent) 

"The hydrothermal vents are recognized as a type of chemosynthetic based ecosystems (CBE) where primary productivity is fuelled by chemical compounds as energy sources instead of light (chemoautotrophy). Hydrothermal vent communities are able to sustain such vast amounts of life because vent organisms depend on chemosynthetic bacteria for food. " (Wikipedia, hydrothermal vent) 

"The water from the hydrothermal vent is rich in dissolved minerals and supports a large population of chemoautotrophic bacteria. These bacteria use sulfur compounds, particularly hydrogen sulfide, a chemical highly toxic to most known organisms, to produce organic material through the process of chemosynthesis." (Wikipedia, hydrothermal vent) 

The water can be at a very high temperature and support life, because it's in supercritical form. The high pressure and high gravity prevent the water from boiling. There are no bubbles in supercritical water. And that helps organisms survive near black smokers. 

We could see life's building blocks and things like carbon dioxide. But we would not see things like algae from the water planet. Another thing is that there may be no lifeforms in the gas giant's atmosphere. 

However, there is a possibility that those gas giants may have moons similar to Jupiter's Europa. Low gravity and low gas pressure can keep water liquid in low temperatures. So the habitable zone can be far different from what we used to think. Intelligent lifeforms probably don't form on those moons. But primitive algae and bacteria can live in those icy worlds. 

The water moon can host lifeforms like bacteria and algae. But those things are not easy to detect. The planetary models that astronomers use are made using our own solar system as a model. All gas giants in our solar system have moons. So maybe all other gas giants that orbit other than red dwarfs can have moons, or dwarf planets orbiting them. 

https://www.astronomy.com/science/alpha-centauri-planet/

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-webb-finds-new-evidence-for-planet-around-closest-solar-twin/

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-evidence-planet-closest-sun-star.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_d

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_b

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_c