Simulations confirm. The black hole can evaporate.

“The one thing we all 'know' about black holes is that nothing escapes their ineluctable grasp. That is mostly true, but since the 1970s, physicists have predicted that black holes could slowly lose energy. In the form of thermal radiation. This is Hawking radiation, and while it has been recreated in laboratory analogs, the mechanism whereby it siphons energy from a black hole, known as backreaction, has remained elusive. Now, in a black hole analog made of – ironically – light, a team of physicists led by Lorenzo Procopio of Paderborn University in Germany has observed. An analog of Hawking radiation backreaction.” (ScienceAlert, Physicists Simulated a Black Hole in a Lab. Then It Started to 'Evaporate'.)

A photon can steal energy just from the event horizon. The point where the escape velocity reaches the speed of light. Not inside it. So this means that Hawking radiation. It can come from the “surface” of the event horizon. Or maybe those photons make a small hole. Into that event horizon. And the big question is: could Hawking radiation be the dark energy? This means that the hypothetical WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). That could form dark matter. That can be the source of the dark energy. This model suggests that impacting WIMPs are the source of the dark energy. 

New simulations confirm black hole evaporation. That observation tells us that the material disk around a black hole plays a very important role in a black hole’s existence. Today reseachers suggest that nothing can escape from a black hole. But new simulations tell us that the Hawking radiation can be real. It is possible that Hawking radiation forms as a photon travels through the event horizon. Short moment. The photon is on both sides of the event horizon. And that means it can send another photon. If the photon’s energy level is lower than in and out of the event horizon. The low-energy photon can absorb energy. This is one vision of how the Hawking radiation can form. The black hole interacts like a cold object. The reason for that is in the spin. Fast-spinning ultra-degenerate material. 

That can bind quantum fields from around it. As long as the energy level in the black hole’s singularity is lower than outside. That means outside energy keeps the black hole in its form. The ultra-fast spin binds energy from around it. The spinning singularity binds energy. Until the energy level in its plasma halo or transition disks. Turns out to be lower energy than the energy level. In the event horizon is. When a black hole’s energy level grows. And its spin accelerates. It requires more and more energy to keep information inside it. 

This means that. The material disk around the black hole turns larger. This process accelerates the singularity. But if someday it happens that. The spin on the black hole’s singularity decreases. That singularity delivers energy. And that process can explain evaporation. When the speed of the black hole’s spin slows. It delivers wave movement. And that can cause Hawking radiation. And the evaporation of the black hole. The low-energy photon that touches the event horizon. The point. The black hole’s escaping velocity reaches the speed of light. That photon can steal energy.

"The accretion disk of NGC 4151 is shown blue, immediately surrounding the galaxy’s central black hole. Scientists, including University of Michigan astronomers, are showing how winds or outflows from the accretion disk reshape its host galaxy. The winds are shown as wispy light blue lines blowing across the more orange clouds surrounding the black hole. Credit: JAXA" (ScitechDaily, XRISM Reveals Galaxy-Shaping Winds Erupting From a Supermassive Black Hole)

Not from inside the black hole. From the black hole’s event horizon. The point where the escaping velocity reaches the speed of light is clear and sharp. And if a low-energy photon reaches that point. The photon can form a small tunnel between it and even the horizon. The photon steals energy just from the point of the event horizon. This means that the low-energy photons. They form small waves in that event horizon. 

The black hole itself is invisible. But we can see them through their interaction. The material disks around them are very high-energy objects. Black holes pack material around them. So that means there could also be other high-mass black holes near the Milky Way’s center. Because calculations don’t match reality. That means there are some unknown objects and components in that region. One of the components that can cause problems in the fit calculations. And observations together. That is the dark matter. Dark matter that interacts through gravitation. It can also form.  An invisible matter disk.  Around the black hole. That invisible disk might not follow the form of a visible matter disk. 

Dark matter can form an invisible matter disk around a black hole. We don’t see the black hole itself. We see it's a matter of an acceleration disk. When the speed of that matter rises. And high-energy radiation hits that matter. Its energy level and weight rise. That can cause a situation. There, the calculations and observations don’t match. When the particle changes its direction. It sends light quanta. This means. The outer edge of the matter disk should send some kind of radiation. If dark matter behaves like visible matter. That invisible material disk. That dark matter forms around the black hole. It can send wave movement like visible matter. This supports the model that dark energy could form. In the mutual interaction of dark matter particles. 

In some models, the black hole. It can also pull only dark matter inside it. If that can happen, the black hole would be invisible. The thing that determines whether this hypothesis is true or false.  Is it the strange gamma-ray glow? There is a possibility that dense-packed dark matter. It can form a gamma-ray. That gamma-ray glow. It can come straight from those hypothetical dark matter particles. Or it could be emission radiation. When those hypothetical dark matter particles. They pack densely enough. And impact often enough with the visible matter particles. That can form the gamma-ray glow. 

Black holes are ultra-massive objects. But they are gravity centers. This means that black holes. They have static orbiter trajectories. That causes an effect. That the black holes might have planets. But the supermassive black hole is in the center of the galaxy. Sagittarius A. Or Sgr*A will not pull all dust inside it. Some part of the dust around Sgr* A. It could orbit it in a static trajectory. That is one of the interesting details about Sgr A and all other black holes. 

This means that. The center of the Milky Way is far more complicated. Then, just as in a region, there are black holes that pull matter inside them. And rip everything in pieces. This means that there are whirls where particles impact. In the same way, eruptions in Sgr*A can cause energy flow in the material. And that increases entropy. 

The glow of black hole formation happens. In its material disks. The entropy causes friction. That makes that disk glow. Quantum fields travel into black holes a little bit faster. Than. Particles travel in that disk. This causes a situation. There, the field transports energy. Into the material. This causes a glow in the black hole’s material disk. Entropy in the material disk causes the glow. This means that if the black hole could pull material inside it. Without forming that disk. 

The black hole would be invisible. But that case is impossible. All matter and wave motion. Which travels into the black hole follows the spiral trajectory. The reason for that. All particles travel into the black hole from different angles. That thing causes whirls. Those whirls. They form friction that causes particles to glow. Another thing. That can make a black hole invisible. That is a brighter gamma- and X-ray source than the black hole. If the black hole is in an extremely.  High energy area. Its material disk and its glow. Hide under the brighter entirety. 

https://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/news/science-mct/space/astronomers-think-theyve-just-spotted-an-invisible-black-hole-for-the-first-time/

https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-simulated-a-black-hole-in-a-lab-then-it-started-to-evaporate

https://www.sciencealert.com/something-far-darker-than-a-black-hole-could-hide-in-the-heart-of-the-milky-way

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-black-hole-isnt-tearing-everything-apart-new-observations-reveal-a-surprise/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-mysterious-glow-may-be-dark-matter-after-all/

https://scitechdaily.com/xrism-reveals-galaxy-shaping-winds-erupting-from-a-supermassive-black-hole/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark matter is not ruled out as the cause of the Milky Way's strange glow.

“An image of the gamma-ray excess observed at the center of the Milky Way, overlaid on an optical image of the galaxy. Scientists have debated the origin of this excess and whether it could be caused by dark matter for more than a decade. Credit: NASA; A. Mellinger/Central Michigan University; T. Linden/University of Chicago” (ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Mysterious Glow May Be Dark Matter After All)

Milky Way’s strange glow. The high-energy gamma-ray emission caused grey hair among astronomers. There is suspicion that the annihilating dark matter. It can cause the gamma-ray glow. This suggests that gamma-ray emission can occur when high-density dark matter particles collide. That can explain why this halo seems to come from the Sagittarius A. Sgr*A. Or around it. This means that the dark matter. 

It can form a similar material disk. Around the SgrA as visible matter. The material disk around the Sgr*A. It is one. Of the highest energy objects in the universe. This means that. The energy level in the dark matter material disk would be enormous. But can dark matter send gamma-rays? That is one of the things that answers require more observations. If there is some kind of annihilation between those dark matter particles. 

That should require. That. There is also an anti-matter version of the dark matter. This means that the hypothetical dark matter particles. They should have an anti-particle pair. But nobody has seen a dark matter particle yet. The glow can also form. In the friction between dark matter particles in the extremely dense energy field. But if dark matter sends gamma-rays. That causes this glow. 

The gamma-ray glow. It can come directly from dark matter. Or it can be an emission radiation from other particles. This means that in an extremely high-energy area. The matter moves very fast. This can cause a situation. That dark energy that the dark matter sends. It can cause visible interaction with some material particles. The glow could also form. When dark matter particles hit electrons. If those impacts happen often enough. That thing. It can raise the energy level in those visible particles. That we can see that reaction. 

There is a model about dark matter. The idea is that dark matter actually glows. Or we could see that thing. But the glow from the visible particles covers that glow below it. If dark matter particles send dark energy. That energy could have such a short wavelength. That gamma-rays could cover that thin layer below it. If that is right. The dark matter particle. It’s a very small and high-energy particle. There is a model. That's the dark matter particles. They are the same as mythical gravitons. 

The idea is that. The dark matter particle. It is a quantum-sized black hole. If that is right. The quantum-sized black holes. Smaller than quarks. They can also send dark energy. Those quantum black holes. They have similar halos, energy disks, and relativistic jets. As normal black holes  have. Those things are only a far smaller size. So, when those halos and transition disks impact each other. That thing can send gamma-rays. If that model. It's true. The relativistic jet that those black holes form. It can turn into a superstring. 

In this model. In the middle of every single particle is a quantum-size black hole. The shell of the particle. It will be the halo of those extremely small black holes. 

This means that those quantum-sized relativistic jets are things. That makes particles pull each other. When that quantum jet hits a lower-energy particle. That lower energy particle. Pulls energy from that string. That will pull the other particle. To that lower energy particle. Or rather saying. Lower energy particle. It pulls fields to it. Then that field falls. The higher energy particle. Then that higher-energy particle points its relativistic jet at another particle. And then. The lower energy particle pulls. The higher energy particle. To it.

This could explain many things. Like annihilation. The annihilation forms. When opposite-spinning quantum fields touch each other.  This means that. This effect is similar to the collimation of the larger black holes. That can explain the gamma-ray burst in annihilation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-mysterious-glow-may-be-dark-matter-after-all/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*

How can a black hole be active, even if nothing can escape from it?

The source of Hawking radiation can be in high-energy photons. That orbit black hole near its event horizon. 

In this case, the word “active” means that the black hole sends massive gamma and X-ray bursts. Black holes don’t themselves emit any other known radiation besides gravitational waves. So, the source of the gamma- and X-ray emissions is in reactions in its halo and acceleration disks. The transition or accretion disk around a black hole impacts the formation. The particles start to whirl around the spin axis of the black hole. The thing that spins can be the black hole itself. Or the spin effect of the halo. That forms when particles fall into that supermassive object. The speed at different points in the accretion disk and halo forms friction. That friction forms extreme heat and energy. This is one of the reasons why the radiation is strongest. At the point of the relativistic jet. 

That we see as the black hole’s gamma- and X-ray emission. When a black hole sends gravitational waves. It forms short-term denser rings in the accretion disk. And that causes a difference in energy levels in that thing. In the same way, radiation from a black hole forms a situation where the energy level in the material disk changes. That causes internal friction in the disk. Entropy in that disk is very low. But radiation. That forms when the black hole sends gravitational waves, and hypothetical Hawking radiation causes small whirls in it. When particles like electrons impact those whirls. That forms radiation. Like X-rays and gamma-rays. 

Can the source of some kind of Hawking radiation and the black hole’s active period be in the parasite black holes? A parasite black hole can form in a photon that orbits a black hole at the point of the event horizon. When those photons that the black hole trapped in the event horizon face particles and wave movement. 

They start to glow. And that glow focuses energy in the middle of the photon. That energy can form. The quantum-size black hole. Those quantum-size black holes. They can be similar to their larger companions. They have an acceleration disk and an energy stylus. Those small black holes can sometimes steal a photon from the larger black hole. 

The hair of a black hole would be photons that are trapped around those quantum-sized black holes. Those hypothetical high-energy photons can destroy particles that fall into a black hole. But they can also push the halo and material disk away. This means that those quantum-sized black holes can also cause. The destruction of the larger black holes. 

“When water in a sink encounters a drain, the water doesn’t immediately all go into the drain unless the flow is slow, doesn’t overflow the drain, and remains confined to a narrow area that goes directly into the drain. For all other cases, the water will have to flow near and/or around the drain before entering it, and has a more difficult time doing so the smaller the drain is.

Credit: Dean Hochman/flickr.” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“When a disturbance is created in a pond, such as by dropping a stone into an otherwise still body of water, it will generate ripples that propagate circularly outward. If water falls into an already-existing body of water, even if there’s an open drain at the bottom, that water can get kicked up and splashed out entirely, as though it were ejected from the environment around the drain, rather than getting sucked into the drain. Credit: Sergiu Bacioiu/flickr. “(BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“Instead of water flowing into a drain, a black hole can have material flowing into its event horizon: the region of space around it that serves as a boundary between what can escape and what can’t escape. From outside the event horizon, infalling material often can pile up on top of itself, and not all (or even most) of that piled-up material will eventually wind up being devoured by the event horizon itself. Credit: Big Think / NASA” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“This illustration shows a model of what powers a microquasar: a downscaled version of a supermassive black hole within an active galaxy. The central black hole gains an accretion disk, which in turn generates its own powerful magnetic field. When an additional source of matter (at left) comes into play, the interaction between that new matter and the existing accretion disk can lead to flares, winds, and the emission of large numbers of charged particles and copious radiation, among other signals.

Credit: E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino and A. Lazarian, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2005”  (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

“An illustration of an active black hole, one that accretes matter and accelerates a portion of it outward in two perpendicular jets. The normal matter undergoing an acceleration like this describes how quasars and active galaxies work extremely well. Flows of matter inside the accretion disk can lead to flares in a black hole’s emissions. All known, well-measured black holes have enormous rotation rates, and the laws of physics, particularly the conservation of angular momentum, all but ensure that this is mandatory. Credit: University of Warwick/Mark A. Garlick” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: How are black holes active if nothing escapes from them?)

Can the hypothetical Hawking radiation come from the black hole itself? Or can it come from photons that orbit a black hole’s event horizon? Black holes are very heavy objects. They can pull even light inside it. This means that there are also photons. That orbits a black hole near its event horizon. Those photons can be a source of radiation that we cannot detect. When other photons and particles impact those photons. They can send a wave movement. 

The photon’s shape, which is like a donut, causes the idea that maybe black holes are sometimes hairy. And sometimes they might not have those hairs. When wave movement hits those photons. They start to collect energy in the middle of it. That energy can form. The quantum-size black hole at the edge of the black hole’s event horizon. So the photon around those hypothetical black holes would be the hair. That erases matter. Those parasite black holes can also send radiation that we see as coming from the main black holes. Sooner or later, those parasite black holes fall into the main black hole. This means that a black hole can have hair. That suddenly disappears. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/black-holes-active-if-nothing-escapes/

https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/space-astronomy/astrophysics/the-anatomy-of-a-black-hole-diving-deep-into-the-singularity/

Spacetime crystals can suddenly turn into black holes.

“Physicists have long known that black holes do not necessarily have to form from collapsing stars. Under the right conditions, spacetime itself can organize into a delicate, highly ordered state that sits on the threshold between ordinary space and something far more extreme. Credit: Stock

A new mathematical breakthrough sheds light on how tiny black holes could emerge from critical states of spacetime.” (SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“Black holes are often portrayed as cosmic giants, swallowing stars and shaping entire galaxies. But some of the most intriguing black holes predicted by physics could be far smaller than an atom. For decades, scientists have known that Einstein’s theory of relativity allows these microscopic black holes to form under extraordinary conditions. The problem was proving exactly how it happens.” (SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

Can there be an object that wobbles between a quark star (quark pack) and a black hole? The idea is that. The evaporation of a small black hole delivers. A little bit of its mass. If that object’s size is very close to the Schwarzchild radius. That thing can cause a situation where the size turns below the Swarzschild radius. That makes the object visible. This can happen when the energy level in that black hole rises too high. And it pushes the acceleration disk too far. 

That can cause a situation where the black hole’s size turns below the Schwarzschild radius. The reason I use the name Qark star about this object’s visible side is that. Hypothetical quark stars can be the only visible objects. Before the black holes. That causes an interesting question. Can those quark stars be the same as the space-time crystals? Or maybe they are very high-speed neutron stars. 

The spacetime crystals that can turn into black holes are new theoretical models in fundamental quantum physics. The spacetime crystals are the new versions of the time crystal. But those new “crystals” have the extra dimension. The idea is that a tiny black hole can form from critical states of spacetime. This thing means a very fast particle. That can spin or travel ahead. can pack the spacetime states around them. Then those states press the particle into a black hole. 

And after that, that tiny black hole locks it in those states. The requirement for that process is simple. Energy that will not escape from that particle. That thing means that when a particle’s spin is close to the speed of light. And it moves ahead. That movement can cause a situation. The particle falls into a black hole. And maybe a little bit modified time crystal can act as a model for that. When particles in a time crystal spin very fast. And then that time crystal travels forward in the same time. That thing can cause a situation. That particle turns into a black hole. 

“Sometimes a tiny, seemingly insignificant cause is enough to trigger a huge and dramatic change,” says Prof. Daniel Grumiller from TU Wien. “Take liquid water at zero degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), for example. A very small change is enough to make the water freeze. The water molecules then spontaneously arrange themselves into a regular pattern and form an ice crystal.”(SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“Physicists believe spacetime can undergo a comparable transition.”(SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“According to Einstein’s theory of relativity, matter and energy shape the geometry of spacetime. Massive objects such as stars create strong distortions, while smaller objects produce weaker effects. Under very specific conditions, however, these distortions can organize themselves into an unexpectedly ordered structure.”(SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole)

“Left: visualization of a spacetime crystal. Right: a cubic crystal structure. Credit: TU Wien” (SciTechDaily,The Strange “Spacetime Crystal” That Can Suddenly Turn Into a Black Hole). In the same way as water crystallizes at zero degrees Celsius, the spacetime forms crystals in certain conditions. This means that the spacetime crystals are “ice”. In the spacetime. The idea in the model that the spacetime crystals can form a black hole is explored in these two models. The spacetime crystals can wobble back and forth. If the speed of light around those structures changes. Or some higher energy impulse hits those spacetime crystals. That thing can make a situation. 

That. Those spacetime crystals turn into a black hole. If spacetime crystals are like time crystals. We could use time crystals as a model of those things. “In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive motion. The system cannot lose energy to the environment and come to rest because it is already in its quantum ground state. “ (Wikipedia, Time Crystal). 

The thing is that. The lowest possible energy level is relative. The difference between energy levels inside and outside the particle determines how cold the object is. The particle is not cold or hot. It's cold or hot compared to something. Cold means that energy travels to a particle. And hot means energy. Travels into that particle. 

When the environment pumps energy into particles that spin. At a very high speed. That can turn those particles into black holes. The shell of those time crystals. It is the common quantum field that connects rows of particles. Under it. The quantum perpetual motion machine means the time crystal. That can recycle all its energy. When one of those particles touches the quantum field around those particles. It transfers energy to that. And then that energy travels on the opposite side of the quantum field. This means that. If the energy comes from outside. That energy can press those particles into the black hole. And when one particle in that structure falls into a black hole. It pulls everything into it. 

When we talk about neutrons. They can act as time crystals. This means that when the speed of the neutron stars rises very high. That effect can stretch those neutrons. That pulls quarks in those neutrons into straight lines. And that thing can turn. The neutrons. Into. Time crystal-shaped structures. 

In some models, the Bosen-Einstein condensate can be used. As the model for those spacetime crystals. When the speed of light around those crystals changes. That effect causes a situation there, electron. Some other particle propels forward. And that causes a situation. There, that spacetime crystal’s shell slows its speed. That causes an effect. On the particles inside. That spacetime crystal. Travel faster than the speed of light in a very short moment. 

The shell of the time crystal pumps energy into those particles. And in that case, those particles can turn into a black hole. The spacetime crystals cause an interesting question. Can there be objects that wobble between black hole and maybe tiny quark star states? The black hole’s evaporation can make this model possible. When an extremely small black hole sends radiation. That radiation can push the quantum field farther. 

That means that the black hole evaporates. And if that black hole is very close to the Schwarzchild radius. It’s possible that evaporation decreases its size to a size smaller than the Schwarzschild radius. And that can turn. The black hole. Back to a quark star. Then the quantum field just presses that thing back into the black hole. Even in quantum-size black holes, the Schwarzschild radius determines whether a particle turns into a black hole. Or not. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-strange-spacetime-crystal-that-can-suddenly-turn-into-a-black-hole/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal

Can dark energy be a virtual effect?

"A new analysis argues that the standard cosmological model may be fundamentally unstable, raising questions about whether dark energy is really needed to explain the universe’s accelerating expansion. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, A Universe Without Dark Energy? Mathematicians Challenge Standard Cosmology)

If dark energy does not exist. What forms wave movement that rips the universe into pieces? It’s possible that dark energy is regular energy like gamma-ray flares. There is a possibility. That those. Hypothetical gamma-ray flares form in intergalactic space. When particles are accelerated by the  black holes in that space. That means the source of dark energy could be in the intergalactic space. Or in the space between galaxy clusters and megaclusters. That means that. Radiation. The gamma-ray objects in our galaxy cover those hypothetical flares. Under their brightness. 

Can the universe behave as it does without dark energy? Mathematicians suggest so. That means that dark energy would be virtual energy. When entropy in the universe rises. Things like gravity waves behave differently. That means that the entropy. It can explain why dark energy doesn’t necessarily exist. When the universe expands, the gravitational effect between objects like galaxy clusters and superclusters. Turns weaker. Also, the energy level between galaxy clusters turns weaker. That changes the relationship between internal energy in galaxy clusters.

And energy level outside those clusters and superclusters. Energy starts to flow faster to outside galaxy clusters. And that is one of the things. That can look like dark energy. In some other models, high-energy particles. Those particles travel from the supermassive black holes. Impact outside galaxies, or galaxy clusters and superclusters. They can form the thing. That we call dark energy. This means that the wave movement. 

That forms dark energy. Can exist. But the source of that energy is not as exotic. That we might want to believe. The third and most interesting model about dark energy is this. The galaxy's halo and scattering effect. It can be one thing. That forms the dark energy. Or particles. Those that come outside that halo area release their energy into it. 

So, can dark energy be? A very low energy Cherenkov radiation? 

The speed of light is a little bit lower in that halo than outside it. In galaxy clusters, there is also a little bit denser matter than outside it. When something like a very high-energy particle travels into those halos. 

That thing causes an effect. That looks like Cherenkov radiation. When that high-energy particle impacts that halo. It releases its kinetic energy. In the same way as when high-energy particles. travel through the halo of individual particles. They send Cherenkov radiation. The reason for that radiation is that when a particle travels faster. Than. It should. It must slow its speed. So, it must transfer kinetic energy into that field. So, energy must always travel from a higher to a lower energy level. 

So that means dark energy. It can be some kind of interaction between different energy fields. The speed of light. Outside galaxy clusters is only. A little bit higher than inside it. So that means that. When those particles travel faster than light. Or faster than they should in the halo release their energy. That energy transfer  is much weaker. Than in cases. There. The solar wind impacts the Earth's atmosphere. 

Or particles from a nuclear reactor impact water. This means that if that scenario is real. The reason for the dark energy could be a very weak Cherenkov radiation. 

In those cases, the dark energy source can be well-known. But things like background light and radiation from our own galaxy and galaxy clusters. Cover those sources. That source is some kind of gamma-ray glow between galaxies. That means that. Those galaxies and quasars. And their supermassive black holes can send such strong radiation. It covers that glow below it. Another thing is that. 

Things like cosmic hum. The monotonic radio hum that the Voyager spacecraft detected when it crossed the heliopause and entered interstellar space. That radio hum cannot cross the sun’s plasma impact wave that surrounds our solar system. This means that there can be radio signals that cannot travel through the Milky Way’s halo. So, there is a possibility. The dark energy is radio waves that we cannot detect. Because those signals cannot reach us. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-universe-without-dark-energy-mathematicians-challenge-standard-cosmology/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation

The new supernova is something never seen before.

 

“NASA’s Fermi telescope has detected gamma rays from a rare superluminous supernova, providing new clues about one of astronomy’s biggest mysteries. Credit: Shutterstock.” (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Fermi Telescope Caught a Supernova Doing Something Never Seen Before)

NASA’s Fermi telescope spotted a supernova. That has incredible brightness. There is suspicion that the powerhouse behind this hyper-powerful supernova is a magnetar. That beam sends a beam. That hits. The giant star. When a high-energy particle beam hits the star. That thing can cause a violent explosion. In some cases, there is suspicion that the neutrino or electron beam. 

Or a fast radio burst (FRB) can cause a violent eruption. In the case of neutrino beams, the neutrino beam forms the energy pothole. Or a lower energy tunnel in the star’s plasma. That lower energy tunnel. Causes a situation where energy starts to fill it. In that case, the plasma falls into that tunnel. And then it forms a fusion reaction. The reaction is the same as in the massive plasma eruptions on the sun. They form in  the lower energy point. And then plasma starts to pack in that point. That causes a violent eruption. In the cases. That magnetars send a beam through the giant star. That creates. The lower energy tunnel.

That goes through the entire star. In that case, the area where the plasma starts to pack is much larger. Than in the cases. Of the solar massive plasma eruptions. If the Earth is a straight line to the beam that this reaction sends. That makes. The energy that the eruption sends. Seems very powerful. 

In the cases of the FRB, the beam causes interaction in the star’s core. The energy level rises. And that can blow the outer shell of the star away. In all cases, they form the asymmetry in energy levels. That causes a situation. Where plasma starts to pack. In those lower energy points. In both cases. The problem is this. The magnetar can send a beam through the star. But the point that starts the reaction is hidden. There is a possibility. That is when the temperature of the star’s core rises. 

That thing sends massive neutrino or electron beams through the star. That makes the radiation look like the sea urchin. That causes an energy pack. To those lower energy points. The higher energy point in the star will not destroy it as easily as the lower energy point. The higher energy point will send the wave across the star. But. That wave spreads all over the star.  The lower energy point. Or, tunnel packs the matter and energy into those points. And that causes fusion or the reflecting wave that travels across the star. In some models, when the energy production in the star ends. 

The magnetic field starts to pack matter in the star’s magnetic poles. That forms a fusion reaction that sends the energy impulse straight to the star’s core. In that model, the fusion reactions at the star’s poles push the star into form. That looks like a balloon that was pressed from the top. This forms an energy asymmetry. That stretch gives energy space to move. 

“This composite image shows two views of SN 2017egm, in visible light (inset) and gamma rays (background). The optical image shows the supernova — the brightest object in the scene — and its host galaxy on July 1, 2017. The background map shows a wide area of the sky surrounding the supernova’s position. Brighter colors indicate a greater statistical likelihood that gamma rays are associated with the explosion. The map includes gamma rays detected by Fermi’s Large Area Telescope from July 5, 2017, to October 25, 2017, or from 43 to 155 days after the supernova was discovered. Credit: Background, NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration and Acero et. al. 2026; inset, NOT+ALFSOC/Bose et al. 2020” (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Fermi Telescope Caught a Supernova Doing Something Never Seen Before)

“The superluminous supernova SN 2017egm was discovered by the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission on May 23, 2017. It exploded in a massive barred spiral galaxy known as NGC 3191, shown on the left before the eruption. The image at right, taken on July 1, 2017, shows the supernova outshining the entire galaxy. Credit: Left, SDSS and PS1; right, NOT+ALFSOC/Bose et al. 2020. (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Fermi Telescope Caught a Supernova Doing Something Never Seen Before)

“This X-ray image shows extended emission around a source known as Swift J1834.9-0846, a rare ultra-magnetic neutron star called a magnetar. The glow arises from a cloud of fast-moving particles produced by the neutron star and corralled around it. Color indicates X-ray energies, with 2,000-3,000 electron volts (eV) in red, 3,000-4,500 eV in green, and 5,000 to 10,000 eV in blue. The image combines observations by the European Space Agency’s XMM-Newton spacecraft taken on March 16 and October 16, 2014.” (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Fermi Telescope Caught a Supernova Doing Something Never Seen Before)

“The Crab Nebula formed in a supernova explosion observed in 1054. At its heart lies an isolated neutron star, the crushed core of the original star. It spins about 30 times a second, sweeping a beam of radiation toward Earth with every rotation, lighthouse style, which classifies the neutron star as a pulsar. This rapid spin powers X-ray jets (elongated blue-white feature near center) and a high-speed outflow of electrons and other particles. The particles collect in a vast cloud-like structure called a pulsar wind nebula, which also forms around magnetars, the pulsar’s supermagnetized cousin. This emission gradually slows the neutron star’s spin. These images combine X-ray data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory (bluish white) and infrared data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. Credit: X-ray, Chandra: NASA/CXC/SAO; Infrared, Webb: NASA/STScI; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/J. Major.”(ScitechDaily, NASA’s Fermi Telescope Caught a Supernova Doing Something Never Seen Before)

There is always. A small whirl in the points of the spin axle of the star’s core. That denser plasma point aims energy into the star’s core. The process is similar. As we will hit the apple. From both sides with nails. When those energy pikes hit together. They send a shockwave through the star. The symmetry of the energy waves is the thing. That determines whether the star resists that wave. If the energy that the star’s core sends through the star. It is a symmetrical ball. It matters ahead. That causes a fusion reaction ahead of that wave. 

But if the wave is asymmetrical. Or, it looks like a plate or disk. That thing forms two whirls. Those whirls push matter. That injects energy into the star’s core. In symmetrical eruptions, the energy level must be higher than in asymmetrical eruptions. So that it destroys the star. In the cases of asymmetrical eruption, the eruption forms whirls. That causes energy impulses inside the star. Those energy impulses cross each other. They send a reflecting wave. And that forms entropy. That destroys the star. 

That energy creates asymmetry in the energy fields. And those asymmetrical structures allow energy to move. In normal cases, the energy travels. Out from the star nicely. But that radical reaction causes whirls in the star. Those whirls pack matter in them. And that thing forms multiple energy points in the star. Those points send energy that breaks the gravity. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-fermi-telescope-caught-a-supernova-doing-something-never-seen-before/

Speed of light and wormholes.

“A new relativity proposal says faster-than-light observers could help explain quantum behavior and reshape causality. (CREDIT: Pixabay/CC BY-SA 4.0)” (The brighter side. Physicists propose that our universe may contain three dimensions of time) 

When we ask: Can something travel through the wormhole faster than light? We must also ask: How fast does light travel in the wormhole? 

The new study suggests that the universe has three dimensions in time. That means the universe has three spatial dimensions. And three in time. This means that we live in a six-dimensional universe. The time dimensions allow sending information faster than the speed of light. Or. Actually, those dimensions will not make particles travel faster than light. They make the ultimate time dilation in the wormhole. The wormhole is the tunnel through space and time. But the thing that makes this thing paradoxical is simple. We know that everything must travel slower than the speed of light. 

Except in cases. There are quantum fields that transport objects or information. If those fields carry information at the speed of light. We face a very interesting phenomenon. We face situations where the speed of a particle is zero, even if a black hole pulls it inside the event horizon. In the same way, wave movement travels in the hypothetical wormholes at the speed of light. But the thing in those hypothetical energy tornadoes is that. Light travels faster in those tunnels than it does around them. This means that entropy in those quantum tornadoes is lower than around them. 

If we pull superpositioned and entangled particles through the quantum-size wormhole. That wormhole acts like a Tipler cylinder. It dilates time in that string. And there is an interesting theorem. That. Those hypothetical wormholes and superstrings can transport energy through. The shortcut through space and time. This means that these kinds of structures. They can be the source of so-called dark energy. If we think about the possibility that the superstring travels through the hypothetical wormholes. That quantum tornado inputs energy into it. That turns this structure into the maser system. And those superstrings transport information and energy through that thing. That energy that comes from outside the ends of those strings can be the dark energy. 

Then we face another thing. When information travels in those quantum tornadoes. That thing forms the Tipler cylinder around that information string. The fast-spinning. Cylinder-shaped. Structure causes time dilation in objects and information. That travels in it. It’s possible that we can ever do anything other than some individual superstrings to travel through the wormhole. In the models. That photons seem to travel faster than light. It’s possible that the photons form a quantum whirl around them. 

“A wormhole visualized as a two-dimensional surface. Route (a) is the shortest path through normal space between points 1 and 2; route (b) is a shorter path through a wormhole.”(Wikidia, Wormhole)

The wormhole forms a structure. That acts like a Tipler cylinder. The fast-spinning structure of the tornado in a quantum field. Dilates time inside it. 

That thing causes a time dilation in photons. The reason those photons seem to travel faster than light is that. 

The whirling quantum field. Around photons. Lock information in them. This kind of phenomenon causes a small. But measurable. Anomaly. In the aging of photons. The time dilation in the wormhole depends on its complexity. The wormhole itself. It can be multiple spinning structures. That means it's possible that wormholes take information into the past. 

In models, the extremely low entropy in the wormhole makes it possible to travel faster than the speed of light around the wormhole. In models. In a wormhole is the quantum shadow. Or quantum vacuum at the front ot the particle. That vacuum minimizes the energy level. The front of the particle. If the wormhole is very tight. It packs energy behind the particle. And in that case. It’s theoretically possible that there is no limit to the speed in that structure. 

The idea is that if time dilation is so strong. That. Those particles come out of the wormhole. Before they entered it. That causes an information paradox. Or it causes a thing. That we can call: retrocausality. We cannot simply model cases. Their reaction comes before action. We cannot imagine a situation. That car comes out of the tunnel. Before it goes inside it. The thing is that. The wormholes will not allow anything to travel faster than light. There is space inside the wormholes that allows light to travel faster than it does around the wormhole. The maser effect causes a situation. Time travels more slowly in the superstrings inside those wormholes. Than. It travels in similar structures. Outside the wormholes. 

Maybe those wormholes can transport only information or superstrings. But they can transport light “faster” than light.  If. Researchers can create a model where a photon. Rides with a superstring. Or the superstring pushes the photon forward. That can form conditions. There, those photons can travel with incredible speed. The idea about wormholes. As the channels there, information. Travel. Faster than the speed of light is based on an idea. That. If the entropy in the wormhole is extremely low. Or there is the so-called quantum vacuum. Nothing will decrease the speed of the particle. That can be a photon. The speed of the particle. It depends on the difference. Between energy levels. At the front or back of the particle. 

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/physicists-propose-that-our-universe-may-contain-three-dimensions-of-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipler_cylinder

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

https://medium.com/@TVvman/speed-of-light-and-wormholes-c3b4642d879c