Showing posts with label Binary stars. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Binary stars. Show all posts

Saturday, May 2, 2026

The binary star accelerates gamma-rays with a power of over 100 TeV.



“For years, scientists have searched for the sources of the most energetic particles in our galaxy, cosmic rays that carry energies far beyond what human-made accelerators can achieve.”(IE)

“Now, observations from the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) have revealed a binary star system pushing particles past a critical energy barrier. The system, LS I +61° 303, has been found emitting gamma rays above 100 tera–electron volts (TeV)—firmly placing it in the category of ultra-high-energy sources”. (IE)

Reseachers make observations about the gamma-rays by using secondary particles for that thing. Searching for and detecting gamma-rays. Straight is a very long-term process. But. The system can search for secondary particles that form when high-energy gamma rays. Hit the atmosphere. 

This kind of energy level is quite normal for supernovas and black holes. But the binary star that forms this energy level radiation is not normal. Maybe the binary star can accelerate particles. Into the very high speeds. Because the poles of the stars are in series. This means that the south pole of the other participant of this binary star system could be against the other star’s north pole. 

This means that the poles of the stars are. Like this: South-North. South-North (-+)(-+), and that causes a very high acceleration to particles. The primary question is, where exactly is the point? Where those gamma-rays form. 

And that causes very high acceleration to the particles that travel between those poles. The protons that come from another star’s north pole hit the other star’s south pole, and that causes very strong gamma-ray emission. Another version could be that the series of the poles of those stars sends particles at a very high speed to the material. That is around the binary star system. In both cases, the power of those gamma-rays is very high. Also, photons that the system forms accelerate those particles. When particles like protons and electrons hit each other. That thing sends photons. Those photons accelerate electrons. 

One of the reasons why. Those protons. Can reach. A higher energy level than in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is simple. The LHC. That accelerates protons to a level 6,5 TeV. But this binary star. Can raise their energy level to 100 TeV. Is simple. The LHC accelerates protons only by using magnetic fields. The binary star also sends IR and other EM radiation into those particles. This raises their energy level. Into an extremely high level. 

There is a possibility that this kind of phenomenon can be harnessed into fusion systems on Earth.

The system generates two plasma balls. Those plasma ball poles. They  are in a position. That is similar to that binary star. Then the system shoots the particle beam over those plasma balls. Maybe those plasma points can be made using the crossing plasma beams in two Tokamak Reactors. That thing can raise the energy level of those particle beams to levels that they cannot reach otherwise. 


https://interestingengineering.com/space/100-tev-gamma-rays

Thursday, September 11, 2025

The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere.

 The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere.


"Artist’s impression of exoplanet GJ 1132 b and its host M-dwarf star. Credit: Dana Berry, Skyworks Digital, CfA"

"JWST confirms GJ 1132 b lacks an atmosphere. This challenges the habitability of planets around M-dwarfs."


(ScitechDaily, JWST Solves the Mystery: Earth-Like Planet GJ 1132 B Has No Atmosphere)

The Earth-size exoplanet GJ 1132 b has no atmosphere. And that causes some kind of re-estimation of the habitability of the M-type stars. Those M-type stars have violent eruptions that can raise the temperatures of their entire solar systems. Those solar systems are always quite small, and if the planet is in the habitable zone, that means it's locked because of tidal forces. 

The GJ 1132 b is almost a so-called hot Earth. That means there might not be a lifeform. But another question is, can we escalate those observations to other red dwarfs? Red dwarfs, or M-spectral class stars, are not all similar. Some of them are more active than others. 

If the planet is very young, that can explain the lack of atmosphere. The volcanic activity can explain the smoke or fog around the exoplanet GJ 1132 b. Or that slightly larger than Earth exoplanet can pull solar wind from its star, GJ 1132, an M4-type red dwarf, around it. This means the planet’s gravity pulls the gas that the red dwarf sends around it. And if the GJ 1132 b has a magnetosphere that pulls plasma around it. This means G J1132 b borrows its atmosphere from the star GJ 1132. 

The M-6 spectral Class star Proxima Centauri is under the influence of Alpha Centauri, and that means Alpha Centauri A and B’s star wind can affect Proxima Centauri and blow its atmosphere away. Or the gravitational effect of the bigger parts of this triple star system’s larger participants. Can pull the Proxima Centauri atmosphere off. The reaction can go like this. 


"Artist’s impression of GJ 1132 b – which now should be updated given its definitive lack of atmosphere. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Robert Hurt" (ScitechDaily, JWST Solves the Mystery: Earth-Like Planet GJ 1132 B Has No Atmosphere)



"Comparison of best-fit size of the exoplanet GJ 1132 b with the Solar System planet Earth, as reported in the Open Exoplanet Catalogue of 2015-11-14.  Open Exoplanet Catalogue (2015-11-14). Retrieved on 2015-11-14." (Wikipedia, GJ 1132 b)

Radiation from a binary star made the red dwarf shine brighter. That made M-star blow its atmosphere larger. Then the gravity and solar wind blew that material away. Some M-stars are more active than others. There are many variables that determine if a planet can have an atmosphere. If the red dwarf is very young, that means it's more active than older red dwarfs. Another thing is this. Planet formation is similar around red dwarfs as it was in our solar system. The planet that forms around M-type stars must have time to freeze.

The difference between M-stars and spectral class G-stars is that red dwarfs formed from a more mature nebula than G-stars. Those interplanetary nebulae formed when stars exploded as novae and supernovae. That means there are more heavy elements in the red dwarf system than in the G-type star systems. That means, there could also be more radioactive isotopes in those planets than in G-type stars’ planets. This could cause an effect. That some of those rocky planets are hotter than they should be. But that is hard to prove. 

The red dwarf could also form in a binary star system when the star’s heliospheres touch each other. That can cause the small star forms in that whirl. There is also a possibility that a red dwarf travels around space, and some bigger star traps it into its gravity field. The red dwarf can also steal planets from bigger stars' solar systems. If they travel close to the distant planets of the larger stars, those red dwarfs can take those planets to orbit around themselves. 

They can also trap rogue planets in their gravity field. There is a possibility that the Proxima Centauri planets originally orbited Alpha Centauri. Then Proxima trapped them in orbit around itself. 


https://scitechdaily.com/jwst-solves-the-mystery-earth-like-planet-gj-1132-b-has-no-atmosphere/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ_1132_b


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJ_1132


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri

The phase singularity. It’s like a miniature WARP bubble that can travel faster than light.

The phase singularity is the bubble of emptiness. It can travel between quantum field strings. So that means that. The phase singularity can...