The ice-cube sensor detected the high-energy tau-neutrinos.

The ice-cube sensor detected the high-energy tau-neutrinos. Those mysterious ghost particles' form and weak interaction are some of the most interesting things in the universe. The neutrino is sometimes called a "grey photon". The weak interaction means that the neutrino can travel through planets without interaction. And only direct impact with other atoms makes that mysterious particle interact and release its energy. 

The thing that could help to solve the mystery of neutrinos is the charm quark, that researchers discovered in the proton. The charm quark is more massive than other particles in the proton. So the charm quark is heavier than a proton, where it should be involved. Maybe charm quark spins so fast that it hovers in the proton. 

The idea is that fast-spinning particle makes the quantum supercavitation effect. When the propeller super cavitates, it starts to spin in a bubble, where it cannot touch the water. So we can use supercavitation as the model of how the fast-spinning particle acts in the quantum field. 

If a particle spins fast enough, it forms a bubble around it. The quantum field acts like water. And if a particle spins "too fast". The particle forms a quantum bubble around it. The fast spin means that the quantum field cannot touch that particle. That ultra-fast spin can cause a situation, where the particle simply pushes other quantum fields from around it. And the only time when a particle can cause interaction is that. It hits directly into the atom or some subatomic particle. 

In this model, the fast spin causes a situation in which the particle tunnels itself through the material. But can neutrinos be faster than light? 

There is a model that neutrinos can travel slower than the speed of light. But the fast spin makes the shell of that mysterious particle move faster than the speed of light. The idea is that neutrino travels its axle vertically to its trajectory. That means the spin of a neutrino makes its shell move faster than the speed of light. 

The other version is that the wobbling spin of some, yet unknown particle forms the neutrino. In this model, the unknown particle's spin is similar to the electron's spin. The particle moves back and forth. That very slow but fast spinning particle could be the hypothetical weakly interactive massive particle (WIMP). The WIMP moves slowly but spins very fast. And if the WIMP spins like an electron, it sends the energy impulse all the time, when it changes its direction. And wave-particle duality turns that energy impulse into the particle called neutrino. 

The speed of light depends on the environment. That means the speed of light is higher in space than in the atmosphere. The speed of light is higher in the atmosphere than it is in water. And neutrino detector benefits this thing. When a particle moves from another environment like from interplanetary space to the atmosphere it releases its energy as a blue light flash called Cherenkov radiation. So in a small moment particle travels with a speed that is higher than the speed of light in the medium. 

The neutrino detector detects neutrino when its speed decreases, and it releases its energy as a blue light flash. Neutrino arrives at the sensor with speed that is lower than the speed of light. But its speed is faster, than the speed of light in a medium like water. When a neutrino hits something it releases its kinetic energy in the form of a blue light flash, called Cherenkov radiation. That radiation makes the sky blue because particles hit Earth's atmosphere at a speed that is higher than the speed of light in the atmosphere. 

That means the neutrino has already released its energy when it hits the neutrino detector. That means that the neutrino's speed can be far higher in interstellar space than it is in our solar system. There is a theory that neutrino is a transformation particle of a hypothetical tachyon, faster than a light particle. In theories, the tachyon can form in antimatter annihilation in interstellar space. When that particle travels in the solar system, the plasma around the star slows its speed, and maybe the neutrino has been tachyon. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/ghost-particles-icecube-confirms-deep-space-quantum-phenomenon/

https://www.livescience.com/protons-charm-quark

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/proton-charm-quark-up-down-particle-physics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

The breakthrough in quantum teleportation.

"Quantum teleportation researchers have developed a method to improve teleportation quality in noisy conditions by using hybrid entanglement of photons, achieving nearly perfect state transfers. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Turning Quantum Noise Into a Teleportation Breakthrough)

In quantum teleportation, particles like photon transport their information into another particle without moving themselves. In that system, the laser, or some other energy source creates the electromagnetic electromagnetic shadow behind another photon or other elementary particle. 

Then, that electromagnetic shadow moves wave movement to another similar particle and synchronizes its oscillation frequency the same as the sending particle has. The very important thing is that the receiving particle is in the lower energy level. When those particles reach the same energy level the standing wave pushes those particles away. And that breaks the quantum entanglement. Another thing that disturbs the quantum entanglement is the quantum noise. 

The new idea turns the quantum noise into the thing that carries a qubit and denies it to deliver its information. The idea is that quantum noise is wave movement as regular and electromagnetic noise. The quantum teleporting system can ride the quantum wave. When the system sends a qubit forward at the top of the quantum wave, that quantum wave can carry the qubit. The qubit rides the wave like a windsurfer. 

In quantum entanglement, the energy travels in one direction. In some visions, the system makes the quantum entanglement where energy can travel back to the sender. That helps to maintain the quantum entanglement for a longer time. Theoretically is possible to create a curve where the energy level of the information rises higger than sending particle. But the problem is how to deny the information travel back. 

"Researchers have developed a method to quantify quantum entanglement using normalized entanglement witnesses in various experimental scenarios. This advancement allows for the estimation of lower bounds on entanglement measures and can differentiate between entangled and separable states more effectively. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Entanglement Unmasked by Entanglement Witnesses)

Another problem is how to deny the particles reach the same energy level. At that point, a standing wave destroys the quantum entanglement. The answer could be the virtual particle. In that case, the system creates the virtual particle-like standing field that maintains the quantum entanglement. 

The idea is that the superpositioned and entangled particles create a second route that they can use to transmit information. The idea is that the system makes quantum entanglement through the relay or middle-man particle. The information travels first to the middle-man particle. In that case, the system transforms the receiving particle in the quantum entanglement into the transmitting particle. 

The system raises the receiver particle's and middle-man particle's energy levels. Then the system makes quantum entanglement from the middle-man particle to the receiving particle. Another way is to transport energy out from the receiving particle. 

The waves whose wavelength is precisely right can help to make the stable quantum entanglement. The system can wave the superpositioned and entangled particles and switch their energy level. So in that model, the superpositioned and entangled particle pairs act like a seesaw. The problem is how to deny the destruction of the quantum entanglement in the moment, where the particle pair is in the same energy level higher than a previous transmitting particle. 

The information travels first into the middle-man particle, and then to the receiving particle. This thing can make the quantum entanglement act like a seesaw. In some other models, the third particle must transport energy out from the receiving particle. That helps the system to lock the quantum entanglement. 

The answer could be the third wave. The locked wave can act as a virtual particle. The virtual particle, that system creates created between hose superpositioned entangled particles can adjust the energy level in quantum entanglement. In this model, the system can create the "auxiliary" entanglement through the virtual particle that stands and warped energy waves as I wrote before. That virtual particle can help to raise the energy level higher in the receiving particle without breaking the quantum entanglement.  

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-entanglement-unmasked-by-entanglement-witnesses/

https://scitechdaily.com/turning-quantum-noise-into-a-teleportation-breakthrough/

The first glueballs or gluon balls detected.

"Argonne National Laboratory scientists have used anomaly detection in the ATLAS collaboration to search for new particles, identifying a promising anomaly that could indicate new physics beyond the Standard Model. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, New Particle? AI Detected Anomaly May Uncover Novel Physics Beyond the Standard Model)

The AI detected some kind of anomaly in the CERN ATLAS system. That anomaly can mean that there is some new particle. The new particle can be something that takes us beyond the standard model. The new particle is easy to connect to the standard model. The model itself is open. But the new particle can mean that the missing particle between the Higgs Boson and the photon is found. 

If we think that all bosons are like W and Z bosons. Maybe, the Higgs boson is another part of some other boson pair. The W and Z bosons transmit the weak nuclear force. Another boson pushes. And another pull. So maybe the Higgs Boson's pair is missing. That particle pair can explain some mysteries in the universe. Or maybe that new particle is a so-called graviton. The glueballs, gluon balls, or gluonium are the things that can explain why black holes are so special. 

The black holes are the pure graviton balls. The idea is that if the atom gets a high enough energy load, that energy impulse pushes guns, quarks, and electrons into one entirety. In the next text is the hypothetical material called "Higgs Bosonium" the Higgs boson balls. 

Maybe that hypothetical  Higgs Bosonium is not needed between glueballs or gluonium and singularity. In singularity, all quantum fields and particles are slammed in one entirety. That material forms the black hole. And singularity (material) may be the mysterious graviton. Maybe researchers could form singularity by pressing gluons in gluon balls together. 

"Gluons aren’t simply the particles that bind quarks together; they may also be particles that bind themselves together into a quarkless glob known as a glueball. The lightest glueball state may be able to be revealed from the decays of particles created in electron-positron colliders." (BigThink, New particle at last! Physicists detect the first “glueball”)

Researchers detected glueballs or gluon balls.

The glueballs or gluonium are not elementary particles. They are groups of gluons, that act like some kind of hadrons. Today we know that atoms consist of gluons, quarks, and electrons. Quarks form structures called Hadrons or in the case of atoms: Baryonic Hadrons called protons and neutrons. 

Those particle groups are the non-elementary parts of the atoms. The new particle group is called glueballs. In 2021, researchers discovered the triple glueball. The "Hadron" is made of gluons. 

The glueballs are groups of the gluons. The other name for that thing is gluonium. And it's the highest energy thing that material research can prove. There is another more energy particle group that is even harder to create than gluonium.  

And it's the theoretical "Higgs Bosonium". That hypothetical thing is a group of Higgs Bosons. The Higgs Boson has existed for a very short time. And the Higgs Boson combinations are purely hypothetical. 

And that observation formed a new model of stars. That new theoretical star type is between, a still theoretical quark star and a black hole. That new theoretical star model is the gluon star. And it's possible. The Higgs Bosons can create a similar structure as glueballs. If that "Higgs Bosonium" exists. It can be even more energetic than gluonium. 

So the five densest stars could be...

Neutron star

Quark star (Theoretical)

Gluon star (Theoretical)

Higgs boson star (Hypothetical) 

Black hole

Glueballs or gluonic balls are not new ideas. The first observations. That predicts this kind of material made in 2015. The glueballs or gluon balls are extremely high-energy particles. Some sources describe them as particles made of pure energy. Or pure, strong nuclear force. The model of this extremely high-energy particle group causes visions that the gluon balls can be the thing. That can used to form artificial black holes. 

The idea is that the energy impulse that comes out from the glueball forms an electromagnetic vacuum that collapses immediately. That thing causes a situation in the material and energy around that gluon ball fall back into the bubble. That causes the form of the black hole. 

"Nucleons consist (left) of quarks (matter particles) and gluons (force particles). A glueball (right) is made up purely of gluons." (ScitechDaily, Glueball – A Particle Purely Made of Nuclear Force)

By the way

The gluonium or "Higgs Bosonium" can used to create the WARP bubbles. When Higgs boson decays. It sends energy impulses around it. That energy impulse pulls particles' shells out. The electromagnetic vacuum around that particle rips it in pieces. But if a particle gets energy from inside it, that thing can keep it in its form. 

The hypothetical "Higgs Bosonium" is like gluonium or glueballs. But it's even more high-energy particles. If those particles can stabilized, they can form a new and powerful energy source. But as you know. That kind of particle exists in a very short time. And the energy level that the system needs is very high. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/new-particle-first-glueball/

https://www.livescience.com/ultra-rare-odderon-particle-detected.html

https://www.livescience.com/what-is-singularity

https://phys.org/news/2024-05-evidence-glueballs-beijing-spectrometer-iii.html

https://scitechdaily.com/glueball-a-particle-purely-made-of-nuclear-force/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-particle-ai-detected-anomaly-may-uncover-novel-physics-beyond-the-standard-model/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glueball

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons

Light can vaporize water without heat.

MIT researchers found a new photo-molecular phenomenon. That light can vaporize water without heat. There has been suspicion that this kind of phenomenon exists. But this is the first evidence of that phenomenon. Light inputs energy into atoms, and then those atoms release extra energy into their environment. 

Photo vaporization releases vapor from the water surface. Atoms release energy that they get into another atom. At the point of the surface tension, the water molecules resonate when light inputs energy to them. That forms standing waves between those water molecules, and then that energy starts to drive water molecules up. This effect is possible if the light affects all water molecules on the surface. In that case, there is no space where energy can travel. 

Developers can use photo vaporization to make purified water. 

That effect makes space around the atoms. And it separates water molecules from their entirety. The effect. Where light vaporizes water without heat looks a little bit like a photovoltaic phenomenon. This effect can help to determine the age of the icy shell of distant moons. A similar effect should happen when radiowaves hit the ice. 

If visible light can vaporize water, that phenomenon can used to produce a very low-pressure gas. In that process, the ice is in a vacuum chamber and that light effect will separate a couple of molecules from ice. This phenomenon can used to calculate the changes in the electromagnetic environment in distant moons. 

This effect can also escalate to other wavelengths. And maybe this effect explains why some very cold moons like Triton have thin atmospheres. Gas pressure on Triton is very low. It's between 1 and 2 pascals. 

Mainly that atmosphere includes nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide. The last gas can form when radiation pushes oxygen and carbon atoms together. An interesting thing about that atmosphere is that the gas that forms it is in a condition that looks like quantum gas. The distance between atoms and molecules is very long. 

When radiation hits those atoms they send radiation that travels longer than on Earth. The low-pressure gas is the tool that makes atomic microscopes possible. Also, the low-pressure gas can measure similar gas atoms from distances. If there is a low-pressure oxygen gas in the chamber, another oxygen atom sends radiation that causes resonance in those low-pressure atoms. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-uncovers-photomolecular-effect-light-can-vaporize-water-without-heat/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton_(moon)

Can ultralight primordial black holes exist all around the universe?

"The simulated image shows how black holes bend a starry background and capture light, producing black hole silhouettes" (Interesting engineering, Ultralight, undying black holes could be all around the Universe)

The term: "ultralight black holes" consists of planetary mass black holes, atom, and quantum size black holes. The "Kugelblitz" black holes can be very light. "Kugelblitz"- black holes form straight from radiation. In certain situations, the FRB or some other energy burst that impacts the planet's atmosphere can press the planet so dense, that it turns into a black hole. 

Theoretically, also atoms and all other particles can turn into a black hole if they impact with an energy load that is high enough. In those cases, energy impulses press the atom's quantum fields symmetrically, and that energy pushes all particles in the atoms into one entirety. 

Can ultralight or quantum-size black holes be undying? The black hole is like a bubble in a gravity field. The interaction at the edge of a black hole is that the material disk pumps energy to the black hole. A black hole's gravity field is so powerful that it pulls wave movement inside it, and in the material disk, the electromagnetic radiation interacts with the material forming intensive heat. The question is, does the black hole pull gravity waves in it? 

The event horizon is a standing gravity wave or gravity field, and that should deny the gravitation itself falling in the black hole. Gravitation is an energy form or wave movement with a certain wavelength. The gravity field around black holes is a very powerful thing. Energy always travels into the lower energy space. 

That means the outcoming gravity waves cannot fall into the black hole. The reason for that is, the stronger gravity field pushes the outcoming gravity wave back. This means that the dense gravity field forms a situation in which all other wave movement falls in that bubble called a black hole, except gravitational waves.  

But gravitational waves can start to orbit a black hole. Those orbiting gravitational waves lock the gravitational field around the black hole. That gravitational ring also sends gravitational waves into the black hole. The material that orbits black holes is in a very high energy level. The kinetic energy of that material is massive. When material travels through quantum fields those fields increase the mass of that material. 

Sometimes a black hole pulls all material from its environment inside it. That separates the black hole from the material. And in that case, the energy field around it turns weaker. At that point, the black hole sends gravity waves.  So can the atom-size or smaller black hole be stable? 

Could the material and radiation called wave movement lock the gravitational field in that structure? The thing that denies the expansion of the black hole is the energy stability. The black hole can expand only if it gets more energy than it releases. In the form of gravity waves. It's possible. A small black hole forms the wave movement layer that locks the black hole in its form. 

If the energy level of that layer is high enough that forms a shell that doesn't allow energy and material to fall in the black hole. That wave movement shell can also lock gravity waves that the black hole sends inside it. This is one model that can turn very small and light black holes into stable ones. 

https://interestingengineering.com/space/ultralight-primordial-black-holes-universe

The hydrogen-burning supernovas are interesting models.

"Researchers discovered a significant magnesium anomaly in a meteorite’s dust particle, challenging current astrophysical models and suggesting new insights into hydrogen-burning supernovas. (Artist’s concept.)Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rare Dust Particle From Ancient Extraterrestrial Meteorite Challenges Astrophysical Models)

If the star is too heavy when its fusion reaction starts, it can detonate just at that moment, when its fusion starts. If the collapsing nebula is heavy enough, it can form a black hole straight from the nebula. But if the nebula's gravity is too heavy to form the blue giant or too small it can collapse straight into a black hole. If the forming star is a little bit larger than the blue supergiants. It can explode immediately when the fusion starts. 

 

The theory of hydrogen-burning supernovas consists model of the giant stars that explode immediately after their fusion starts. When the interstellar nebula falls it can form a black hole. Or it can form a star whose fusion runs too hot, and that causes a supernova explosion just after the nuclear reaction begins. 

Things like FRBs (Fast Radio Bursts) can transport energy into young stars, and that energy can cause situations, where the energy level in the star turns too high. And that causes the star to explode. Things like kilonovas, or impacting neutron stars, can form fusion in the molecular cloud around it. That shockwave can push atoms together forming things. Like gold and even heavier elements. 

Also, if the star goes near a supernova, another supernova can cause a situation in which another star can detonate because of that massive energy blast. The black holes can cause the stars to run too hot when they transmit energy into them. Black holes can pull energy through stars and that accelerates the fusion. 

In some models, the young, but very massive star can form at least neutron stars and black holes just after their fusion starts. The white dwarfs require that there is carbon in the star. 

It's possible that if the rogue planet starts the interstellar nebula collapse, that planet forms an empty bubble in the star. When the nebula falls and nuclear reactions begin, the planet forms a structure that acts like a vacuum bomb. The shockwave travels inside the planet and reflects causing the expanding fusion front inside the star. And that fusion causes a situation in which the just-born star can explode immediately. 

https://scitechdaily.com/rare-dust-particle-from-ancient-extraterrestrial-meteorite-challenges-astrophysical-models/

The ability to measure differences in energy levels makes it possible. That computer can store data in that system.

"Physicists have successfully identified and manipulated a specific thorium atomic nucleus state using a laser. This discovery enables the merging of classical quantum physics and nuclear physics, promising advancements in precision measurement technologies and fundamental physics, including the potential development of a nuclear clock surpassing current atomic clocks in accuracy. A laser beam hits thorium nuclei, embedded in a crystal. Credit: TU Wien" (ScitechDaily, Decades in the Making: Laser Excites Atomic Nucleus in Groundbreaking Discovery)

During a groundbreaking study, researchers manipulated a single thorium atom's nucleus. The ability to manipulate atoms and their nucleus allows the system to store data in those atoms. 

If the system can have the ability to store and transmit data between atoms and in their electrons can used in the next-generation quantum processor. The ability to write and read data into atoms requires. The system can measure differences in the energy levels in those particles.

If the system can turn two opposite atoms into a quantum computer. It requires the ability to store data in the atom's nucleus. The system can make superpositions and entanglements between electrons that orbit the atom's nucleus in the 2D layer. 

"Researchers have demonstrated how to manipulate light at nanoscale using photonic crystals, simulating the effects of magnetic fields on electrons. This breakthrough in photon manipulation can significantly impact the development of nanophotonic chips, improving devices like lasers and quantum light sources. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Photons Frozen in Time by Innovative Crystal Designs)

When we think of the quantum computer it's possible to create a system that looks like a CCD camera. The number of activated photoelectric points determines the qubit's state. The next-generation mass memories can store information in quantum dots. The multiferroic nanodots can act as data storage. 

The system can look like a chessboard or QR code, and the data that the system stores into those dots. Can be driven into the quantum computer in the quantum state. The system can share data to quantum states using those dots. 

"Researchers at the Tokyo Institute of Technology have made significant advancements in memory technology using multiferroic materials, specifically BFCO nanodots. These materials enable more energy-efficient data writing using electric fields and non-destructive reading through magnetic fields. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Revolutionizing Memory Tech: The Rise of Low-Power Multiferroic Nanodots)

When those quantum dots are opposite to each other. That thing makes it possible to transport data between those quantum dots in their entirety. The system shares information between those quantum dots. 

And then it just transports all information as an entirety. When we think of the system that should recover or collect data from the hard disks, the system must only measure differences in the voltage on the surface of that hard disk. Then operating. The system transforms those differences in voltage level into ones and zeros. 

More accurate systems that react with different voltage levels can determine the qubit's state. We can think that the qubit is like an onion and the system transports data from A to B it just sends one layer from sender (A) to receiver (B). 

The new groundbreaking crystal freezes photons in time.  

What would you do with frozen photons? Those photons can store data in the photonic form. In that case, the quantum system data can transfer data into those photons. And then the system can put them into the superposition and entanglement. Those frozen photons can also used to measure things like gravity waves. When gravity waves hit those photons, that affects their annealing or their energy level. 

That makes it possible to create a system, that can revolutionize the measurement. When some system transports information from the system, it simply measures the differences in the energy levels of the data tool. When the system can see those changes in the chemical or quantum field structure, that thing makes it possible to drive data between mass memory and the processor or qubit. 

https://scitechdaily.com/decades-in-the-making-laser-excites-atomic-nucleus-in-groundbreaking-discovery/

https://scitechdaily.com/photons-frozen-in-time-by-innovative-crystal-designs/

https://scitechdaily.com/revolutionizing-memory-tech-the-rise-of-low-power-multiferroic-nanodots/