Revolution for nanotechnology: the engine that is 1/10,000th of a millimeter

    Revolution for nanotechnology: the engine that is 1/10,000th of a millimeter

In the future, the medicines might be packed in protein capsules. When that protein capsule faces the ion pump, that cell organ pushes medicine away from the nanomachine. One way to make that thing possible is to connect the protein or enzyme that makes the virus homing to certain cells to the nanomachine. The small-size nanomachine requires new technology. In some visions, the ion pumps that deliver nutrients to the cells can connect with nanomachines. And those nanomachines would use those ion pumps as ion engines. Controlling the nanomachine is very important.

"The novel type of nanomotor with an RNA polymerase, which pulls the two “handles” together and then releases them again. This generates a pulsing movement. Credit: Mathias Centola/University of Bonn" (ScitechDaily.com/Revolution in Nanotech: A Motor That’s 1/10,000th of a Millimeter)

Nanomachines can use enzymes that are long chemical fibers for dosing medicines. The medicine will connect to an enzyme that acts like a conveyor belt. And that enzyme travels over the nano-rolls that allow the nanomachine to apportion chemicals to cells. 

The enzyme can also connect with RNA, and it can transport that molecule into the desired position in the cells. The reason enzymes catalyze chemical reactions is that their shape is like wire. Other molecules, like acids, are connected with enzymes. The wire-looking molecule always transports new and fresh acid or some other molecules to the reaction point.

"The enzyme glucosidase converts the sugar maltose into two glucose sugars. Active site residues in red, maltose substrate in black, and NAD cofactor in yellow. (PDB: 1OBB​)" (Wikipedia/enzyme) 

The nanomachine requires new, extremely small engine types. The size of those machines is smaller than a cell. And that is the reason why researchers investigate things like the swimming of sperm—that they can make the nanomachine move in liquid. In those processes, developers try to copy the movement mechanism in those cells into nanomachines.

The new nano-engine created by using RNA polymerase makes it possible to create engines for very small molecular machines that can transport drugs into the right cells. The new nanomachine is like a tweezer, where the structure pulls together and releases. 

And that thing can make the nanomachine able to touch things like molecules. So a nano engine is more useful than just an engine. Nanotechnology is the next-generation tool. And we don't yet know all the applications. What this thing like machines that are smaller than cells can have. But the nanomachines will revolutionize all technology in the world. 

https://scitechdaily.com/revolution-in-nanotech-a-motor-thats-1-10000th-of-a-millimeter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide

Researchers created a new method to manipulate qubits by using sound.

    Researchers created a new method to manipulate qubits by using sound. 

Theoretically is possible to move even photons by using soundwaves. Soundwaves are molecular movements, and directly pushing photons using air molecules is impossible. But it's possible to use molecules or atomic clouds to push smaller atoms. Then smaller atoms will push smaller and smaller particles. 

If the chain in the series of smaller particles is long enough, the particles will turn smaller and smaller. It's possible. That push to the molecule can send from the series of atoms and subatomic components to photons. In this case particle series whose size decreases during all its series could push photons. 

But manipulating qubits by using soundwaves can happen by stressing piezo-electric crystals with soundwaves. The other version is to point sound waves to photonic crystals. Then the soundwaves can affect the crystal's symmetry. Changes in photonic crystal symmetry affect the movements of quantum elements in those crystals. 

"Acoustic resonators, found in devices like smartphones and Wi-Fi systems, degrade over time with no easy way to monitor this degradation. Researchers from Harvard SEAS and Purdue University have now developed a method using atomic vacancies in silicon carbide to measure the stability of these resonators and even manipulate quantum states, potentially benefiting accelerometers, gyroscopes, clocks, and quantum networking." (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Leap – Harvard Scientists Use Sound To Test Devices, Control Qubits)

"A piezoelectric layer (green) sandwiched between two electrodes (yellow) atop of a silicon carbide acoustic resonator (blue). Acoustic waves generated by the electrodes and piezoelectric layer put mechanical strain on the lattice, which flip the spin of the defect (red). The spin is read out with a laser-focused onto the backside of the resonator. Credit: Hu Group/Harvard SEAS" (Quantum Leap – Harvard Scientists Use Sound To Test Devices, Control Qubits)

The researchers of Harward SEAS (School of Engineering and Applied Science) laboratory used silicon carbide in a test where they manipulated atomic vacancies in the material by using sound waves. As I wrote before soundwave is a pressure impulse. When pressure impact hits the piezoelectric layer it turns to electromagnetic waves. The thing where the piezoelectric layer turns electric impulses back to soundwaves is not very difficult to make. 

The system can send electric impulses from the piezoelectric layer to a loudspeaker that is connected to the amplifier. The piezoelectric layers can connect with transistors that can increase their signal power. This kind of system can allow next-generation security for signals and communication. 

The ability to use soundwaves to control qubits can used to make the next-generation underwater communication. And there are many other applications for this kind of system. The system that can control qubits with soundwaves or qubits that control soundwaves can have applications for nanotechnology and other things. In nanotechnology, the precise controlled soundwaves can push objects, that are smaller than molecules. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-harvard-scientists-use-sound-to-test-devices-control-qubits/

The predator's role is to protect the prey population from weak individuals.

   The predator's role is to protect the prey population from weak individuals.

If you take your prey from the wrong place in the population, that thing can refine non-wanted abilities in the prey.

The bats and insects are in an arms race. They are a good example of the relationship between prey and predator. Just like all other predators and prey, bats and insects are in a race. However, the new research challenges this evolutionary model. 

Or does it? Before we start to talk about evolution and the evolutionary arms race, we must understand the predators and their role in the prey's community. The purpose of the predator is to keep the prey's population at a certain level. But the predator's other role is to keep the prey population clean from unwanted genomes.

"Researchers challenge the idea of an arms race between bats and insects, suggesting that the barbastelle bat’s quiet calls are inherited from quieter gleaner ancestors, not as a direct adaptation against insect hearing." (ScitechDaily.com/Stealth Echolocation: How Evolutionary Twists Made This Bat a Silent Assassin)

The relationship between prey and predator is an interaction. If a predator becomes too dominant, that causes it to eat all its food. And if prey can create the ultimate escape methodology, that means predators die of hunger.

If a species becomes too dominant, that thing causes another threat. The viruses and bacteria can use individuals with weak genetic backgrounds as gatekeepers, which allows those parasites to enter the population.

One of the predator's purposes is to remove individuals with weak genomes from the population. Weak individuals are the gate that allows viruses and bacteria to transfer into that population. If some population becomes too dominant, genetically weak individuals can also survive, which causes a situation where some viruses and other parasites start to use some individuals' genetic weaknesses to slip into the population.

When a predator selects its prey, it must avoid redefining the targeted population. If certain abilities become too common, the predator will not get food. And in some other cases, the problem is that if a predator becomes too dominant, that prey population ends. And the predator must look for new prey, or it will die of hunger.

If the prey turns into a difficult target, their number increases. And if we think that all insects are consumers, the problem with them is that they are also "predators". They eat other insects or plants. And if there are too many plant-eating insects, that causes a situation where those insects eat too many trees or grass. In that case, the insects will not get food. And they die of hunger.

The question is: is there some kind of mechanism that denies the arms race between prey and predators? The answer is in the last chapter. If we think that the predator would want to deny the non-wanted advances of its prey. It should select its prey by using a method that denies the prey the ability to transfer non-wanted genomes forward in their family trees.

Insects are not easy prey. Their generational variation is very fast. The lifetime or lifecycle of some insects is only a couple of days. And that means the evolution of those things can be very fast. If predators find a weak spot in prey's defense, that means that non-wanted things for predators will become more common faster than those predators can answer for that advance.

This is one of the reasons why predators seek out old and sick animals. The philosophy behind this kind of behavior is simple. The sick and old animals are in lockers. They will not transfer their genomes forward. And they will not have descendants. If predators choose their prey roughly, that makes it possible for the best escapers can avoid the hunter.

This thing causes genetic enrichment, which enriches abilities that make those prey avoid the prey. If that refinement happens at the wrong point in the population, that thing causes a non-wanted advance in the prey population.

https://scitechdaily.com/stealth-echolocation-how-evolutionary-twists-made-this-bat-a-silent-assassin/

Gravitational waves don't arrive simultaneously with light.

  Gravitational waves don't arrive simultaneously with light. 

"In 2017, a kilonova sent light and gravitational waves across the Universe. Here on Earth, there was a 1.7 second signal arrival delay. Why?" 

(BigThink.com/Light and gravitational waves don’t arrive simultaneously)

The gravitational waves from the kilonova in 2017 arrived 1,7 seconds before visible light. The reason. Researchers might find the answer to the question of why that thing happened and why gravitational waves arrived before visible light from a "Flamingo" simulation. The simulation is meant for a universal model of the object and its magnetic field interaction with the material. All quantum fields interact similarly. And that simulation can give a hint that maybe gravitational wave comes closer than light. 

The Flamingo-simulation 

There are three possibilities as to why light comes after the gravitational waves. 

1) Gravitational waves come from different places than visible light. One suggestion is dark matter dense around gravitational centers. If the impact wave that leaves from kilonova has a high enough density that thing can interact with dark matter. In some models. There is a remarkable mass of dark matter inside neutron stars.

And collisions between those things cause an effect where that impact resonates with dark matter. In this model, gravitational waves are the result of the interaction between dark matter particles. 

2) The expanding shockwave that travels slower than the speed of light closes the light inside it. The shockwave cannot close gravitational waves inside it, and that causes an effect where light seems to travel slower than gravity waves. 

3) The third possibility is the most fascinating. A gravitational wave is an expanding gravitational field. When the gravitational field's expansion is fast enough the gravitational wave just sheds from the main gravity field. And gravity wave is traveling gravitational field. 

 It's possible that when gravitational waves harvest energy from a kilonova explosion they could travel faster than light. The gravitational wave should induct gravitational fields into other particles. Also, it can slow the speed of photons. If another gravitational field is not slowing the gravitational wave. That causes gravitational waves can travel faster than light in certain circumstances. 

In models, an extremely strong gravitational field pulls other energy fields to the gravitational center. When gravitational-wave impact those electromagnetic waves their energy level rises. In the kilonova explosion high energy level causes the situation. That gravity field starts to turn stronger. And when that energy production ends the gravitational fields start to shrink. In that case, the most out layer of the gravitational field just rips itself off the entirety. 

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"One of the most fascinating, but also most rare, events in all of the Universe is the inspiral and merger of two neutron stars, which sometimes leads to a kilonova event. In 2017, such an event occurred, and the signals were detected here on Earth by both light-sensitive observatories like NASA's Fermi satellite, as well as the gravitational wave detectors LIGO and Virgo. Even though both light and gravitational waves were generated by this event, and they both travel at the same speed, the gravitational waves stopped arriving 1.7 seconds before the first light was seen. Science investigates the reason why." 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/light-gravitational-waves-arrive/

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In kilonovas, the temperature rises to an extremely high level. The high temperature means that the energy level in those impacts is very high. And that high energy impact turns gas and dust into the heaviest elements like gold and even uranium. There is always a dark matter ball or density around all gravitational centers. And in extremely high energy levels is possible. That the electromagnetic radiation interacts directly with dark matter. 

In those explosions, the electromagnetic wave movement turns so tight that it can push dark matter. In the "Flamingo"-image you can see the double-ring. Near very dense and heavy objects those double rings can be so high energy that they can push straight the dark matter. The reason why this model is interesting is that there is a black hole that is forming after a neutron star collision. And that massive gravitation slows light. 

So the reason why gravitational waves arrive on Earth before light could be that the gravitational wave source is in a different place than visible light. Another reason for that thing could be the pressure or shockwave that travels out from Kilonova. In that case, the shockwave forms a bubble that travels slower than light. In that case, the shockwave closes the light inside it. The shockwave will not close gravitational waves inside it. And that causes a situation, where light comes to Earth after the gravitational waves. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/light-gravitational-waves-arrive/

https://interestingengineering.com/science/computer-simulation-universes-matter-mystery

The black hole research from Finland opens new roads to light-photon-material interaction.

    The black hole research from Finland opens new roads to light-photon-material interaction.

When we talk about light or photon-material interaction we should name that thing as wave-particle interaction. Black holes are places where gravitation packs another wave movement in a very tight form. In a black hole, four fundamental interactions interact straight with each other. And in black holes, dark matter and dark energy interact with each other. 

When black holes form in the supernova explosions that explosion forms a vacuum. Then vacuum presses the material and wave movement to one entirety called sigularity. Massive gravity causes extremely powerful time dilation. And the singularity starts to travel in time. 

In this model time is a dimension. And the black hole is a hole in that dimension. The black hole forms a channel or tunnel through time. Past is at a higher energy level than future. The reason for that is the expansion of the universe. The energy that comes from the past pushes singularity to the future. That energy also keeps a black hole open. 

When the energy level rises the object jumps to the hill. Vaporization of the black hole makes the energy statue or energy hill look like a cone. The spin of a black hole forms a whirl that we see as an acceleration disk. The black hole itself is like a whirl. And when entropy or disorder increases in that system the black hole vaporizes. 

The black hole is like a shortcut through time. This is the thing that makes it so powerful. When an object falls into a black hole. It starts to travel in time because it cannot release its energy. We can use the water flow from the hill as an example of how material and energy travel in spacetime. The top of the hill is the top of the energy. And then the energy level decreases like a river flows on the slopes. During that journey, water delivers its energy to the ground. And that slows it's speed. 

"An artistic depiction of a wave encountering an exponentially curved spacetime. Credit: Matias Koivurova, University of Eastern Finland". (ScitechDaily.com/Physics Unraveled: Accelerating Waves and the Mysteries of Time and Relativity)

If we look at this image, we might understand why quantum-size black holes cannot pull material inside them. The superstrings would travel through those miniature black holes. The model of superstrings goes like this: the smallest part of the material is supersting. And particles are warped yarnballs of superstrings. Superstrings between particle and wave movement will transport energy out from the black hole. And they close the channel of the black hole. 

The black hole is like a tube that is drilled 90 degrees straight down from the hilltop. The speed of water that falls straight in this tube increases. The reason for that is that there is no friction between water and other material in the tube that is straight down from the hillside. 

In black holes material and wave movement cannot interact with outside. That means material and wave movement cannot release their energy. During the travel in a black hole. So when material travels out from a black hole it suddenly releases its energy. The thing is that. The vaporization of the black holes is seen in their radiation. The cone-shaped change in the shape of singularity may break some parts of the material. So in this model black hole is full of small white holes. Those white holes would be white hair. The cone travels in time, not in 3D space.  

But a white hole can used to travel through a black hole from the past to the future requiring that a black hole vaporizes in less than an attosecond. Then the energy that travels in a black hole should keep this structure open. Then if we can send craft through that cosmic light cable we must decrease its energy level very slowly. If that thing is not done material releases its energy so fast that it destroys it. 

The thing that destroys material is the fast energy flow out from particles. And that thing forms an electromagnetic vacuum or energy rips itself off the material. When energy travels out from the nucleus like a quark it causes interaction in the particle's quantum field. Decreasing the size of a particle causes a situation in which contact between it and its quantum field is lost. And that vacuum rips material in pieces. 

Can we transport information from the past to the future by using black holes? That thing is possible if at some point in black hole forms an energy level that is so high that is higher than the supernova that formed the black hole. Which side in the black hole is at a higher level determines the direction in which information travels. That means traveling back in time is possible but it requires a very high energy level. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physics-unraveled-accelerating-waves-and-the-mysteries-of-time-and-relativity/

Nanotechnology and AI are the ultimate combination.

  Nanotechnology and AI are the ultimate combination. 

The DNA nano engine can give new abilities for nanomachines. 

The new DNA-based nanomachine travels pulsing movements. And that kind of system can give new abilities for nanotechnology. This kind of nano engine can act as a nanogenerator. The nanogenerators can give electricity to nano-size microchips. Nano-size microchips are needed to control miniature robots. The problem with nano-size microchips is this. The system requires an ultimate accurate electric supply. There is always a possibility. That electricity jumps over switches and routers in nano-size microchips. 

But they can operate as a large entirety forming a hybrid core multipurpose microporcessor group. That kind of system with multiple nano-size microprocessors can act as a virtual quantum computer. Or it can control many actions at the same time. In virtual mode, the TCP/IP protocol shares the mission to all processors. And they need to make only part of that thing. So the system can share missions to multiple microchips. That makes it lighter for those systems. The nanomachines act like regular drone swarms. But they are much smaller. 

The other version is to use an outside computer. If that system can connect with a long-range wireless electric supply the system can deliver electricity to nanomachines and same time the same system can exchange information between the support station where the control system is and the nano drone swarm. 

The control might happen through the atomic vapor. That is one version of the antennas. The atomic vapor is between those drones. And the information will be transmitted to them through that vapor. 

"Scientists have developed a DNA-based nano engine that exhibits pulsing movements. Mirroring a hand grip trainer’s functionality, but vastly smaller, it employs RNA polymerases for its action and is powered by nucleotide triphosphates, offering potential in advanced nanotechnology applications." (ScitechDaily.com/DNA Nano Engine: The Revolutionary Power Behind Tomorrow’s Nanomachines)

"Artistic rendering of a photonic chip with both light and RF frequency encoding data. Credit: B.Dong / University of Oxford." (ScitechDaily.com/Light Speed Ahead: 3D Photonic-Electronic Hardware Revolutionizes AI)

"Artistic rendering of a photonic chip with both light and RF frequency encoding data. Credit: B.Dong / University of Oxford." (ScitechDaily.com/Light Speed Ahead: 3D Photonic-Electronic Hardware Revolutionizes AI)

The new microchip can transform RF signals into photonic information. 

The AI requires powerful computers.  The new photonic microchip can transfer RF (Radio Frequency) or simple radio signals to photonic information. This is one of the most revolutionary things in computing. Photonic computers use less power than electric systems. The photonic microchips can use gas prisms or photonic crystals to change the photon route. The photonic microchips would be useful tools in the nanomachines. 

The ability to use a system, that transfers RF signals to photons makes it possible to keep the temperature in the microchip lower. But things like pressure-wave scatter gas prisms require miniaturization.  

The gas prism uses asymmetry of the scattering for aiming the laser ray. And that asymmetry is made by using pressure waves. In the last case, the system uses virtual gravity to change the photon's trajectory. The problem is how to transmit data to the photo-electric microchip.  And the new microchip can transform RF signals into photons. The principle of that microchip is in the article linked below the text. These kinds of systems can used to transmit information between (nano) robots and their support systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/atomic-vapor-meets-radio-waves-the-future-of-antennas/

https://scitechdaily.com/dna-nano-engine-the-revolutionary-power-behind-tomorrows-nanomachines/

https://scitechdaily.com/light-speed-ahead-3d-photonic-electronic-hardware-revolutionizes-ai/

The first time machine simulator is in use to solve impossible physical problems.

    The first time machine simulator is in use to solve impossible physical problems.  

Time travel means that information can travel over time without changing. 

Sometimes some people say that the tiny black holes bring information from space and time to our time. In those models, the information travels from the past to this moment. And that thing causes the mysterious wave movement called dark energy. If energy tunnels itself from the past to the future that blows the universe bigger. 

Black hole tunnel information that is inside it. That means material travels in a black hole without outside effect. The paradox in black holes is that the past of the black hole is in a higher energy level than the future information should travel from the past to the future. But because a black hole's escaping velocity is higher than the speed of light, that thing causes the effect where time starts to travel backward. 

Never try to transport particles in space and time at the same time. 

When a black hole is born in a supernova explosion that explosion creates a tunnel through space and time. And the information or energy that travels from the past to the future keeps this hole open. In modern models, the center of the black hole transports information to the future. 

The border area forms a situation where information travels back in time. That means the hurricane could be the best model for the black hole and its interaction. The cloud is the acceleration disk in this moment whirl is the black hole that transports information to the future. And rising vapor is information that travels back in time. 

The thing is that black holes are not joined all the time. The black hole's shape is like a cone. It sends material and energy all the time. The vaporization means that black holes sometimes lose photons. When those hyper-energy photons impact with superstrings, the extremely thin wave movement.  The impact sends a signal through this superstring to the past. 

When particles or wave movement travels through a black hole. They can keep the energy load that they got in the past. When those particles travel out from a black hole they smash to layer or quantum field. That is at the lower energy level. 

That means the energy interaction is very strong when those particles come out of the tunnel. They send energy as wave movement. Then that. Energy interacts with superstrings. And that thing can raise energy waves to a level that they can send information from the future to the past. 

Black hole is standing wormhole. 

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Time travel means that information can travel through time without changes. 

If we want to modify Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle in time travel we cannot move particles, at the same time, in space and time. If we try that thing travel in space vector pulls energy from time time vector. So, we must choose will we want to transport particles in space. Or in time. 

And for jumping back to time the particle must accelerate to a speed that is very close to the speed of light. Then it must stop and keep its kinetic energy. Then outside effect must push more energy to that particle. When a particle starts to travel to the past in time it leaves a hole behind it. That hole is the black hole. 

Energy from the past falls in that hole or channel. And that energy keeps the channel open and we see that thing as a black hole. So if we think that information travels in a tunnel we see the side where information falls in that hole as a black hole. And the side where information comes out is the white hole. 

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The black hole is a standing wormhole that can transport information over time.  It cannot transport information over space. 

Why are we not detecting white holes? White holes are places where information comes out from black holes. The thing is that the shape of a black hole in time is a cone. That means the black hole's vaporization is the effect that is the white hole. When a black hole is born it starts to vaporize. Or some photons are leaving it. That means a black hole sends energy or radiation from its entire existence. 

The white hole would be a case where the black hole suddenly vaporizes and turns into some kind of quantum vacuum. Then information that comes from the past can keep that hole open. The black hole is one form of wormholes. And it acts like a cosmic light cable that brings information from the past to the future. 

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"Researchers at the University of Cambridge have utilized quantum entanglement to simulate a scenario resembling backward time travel. This allows for past actions to be retroactively altered, potentially leading to improved present outcomes". (ScitechDaily.com/Rewinding Reality: Cambridge Uses Time-Travel Simulations To Solve “Impossible” Problems)

The University of Cambridge created the world's first time machine simulator. 

The University of Cambridge created the world's first time machine simulator. The idea of this complex system is to solve problems and find opportunities for transporting information back and forward in time. Even if we can transport information only from the past in the form of electromagnetic radiation or wave movement that thing gives an endless power source for people. 

Time travel means that the system tunnels information through spacetime. While the information pulse travels in the tunnel, that isolates it from the space around it. There is no outside effect that can affect it. All energy and material formed in the Big Bang, and that means if we can create a tunnel from the past to this moment, we can have endless energy sources. 

In some visions, quantum entanglement is a suitable thing for this operation. Between superpositioned and entangled particles forms the energy bridge. The energy bridge is formed of superstrings. And if we want to tunnel information from the future to the past, we should turn that energy bridge into a spiral or rope. And information can travel through that spiral or "tornado". The past is closer to the Big Bang. That means the past is at a higher energy level than this moment and the future is. 

Information travels from the past to the future. And if we want to make information travel from the future to the past we must just raise the energy level in the future side of the tunnel higher than it's in the past. And that makes energy or wave movement travel in opposite directions. That thing makes very interesting models. Because it allows us to transport information from the future to the past. 

https://scitechdaily.com/rewinding-reality-cambridge-uses-time-travel-simulations-to-solve-impossible-problems/