Is there life on Mars?

"NASA’s Perseverance rover, shown in this artistic rendering, landed at Mars’ Jezero Crater in February 2021 and started gathering soil samples soon after that. Although Perseverance is not looking directly for organisms living on Mars today, the rover is collecting data that could be used to identify biosignatures of ancient microbial life. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech" (ScitechDaily.com/We Asked a NASA Scientist: Is There Life on Mars?)

Another question about this topic again. The answer to that question is very complicated. Before samples from the red planet are transferred to the BL-5 level laboratory where research teams can make the real chemical and microscopic analysis all answers are open. The BL-5 laboratories are required because those samples pollute very easily. 

"Electron microscopy revealed chain structures resembling living organisms in meteorite fragment ALH84001". (Wikipedia/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001). Those remnants could be bacteria fossils that could have a Martian origin. 

And if some DNA from Earth touches them. That makes it hard to detect the DNA or RNA samples from those bacteria remnants. Nobody believes that there are living bacteria on Mars. But there might be some bacteria fossils, there could be remnants of their genomes. 

The fact is before intensive research the question about primitive lifeforms on Mars is open. And the problem is that Mars lost its atmosphere in multiple meteorite impacts. At least three times Mars lost its lithosphere in deep impacts with asteroids. In that process, the position of the red planet changed. The shell of that planet melted. And that destroyed all lifeforms. But it's possible. That there still are DNA or RNA remnants in those stones. 

The big problem with searching for extraterrestrial bacteria is the lack of extraterrestrial DNA or RNA. No sample involves DNA that is 100% proven to be extraterrestrial. So without that information, it's very difficult to separate extraterrestrial bacteria from Earth bacteria. And the problem is that bacteria exchange their genomes. That means there is very hard to prove the extraterrestrial origin of some bacteria fossils even if there are some DNA or RNA remnants. 

And finally, "the face, Cydonia and Little Green men.

The "Cydonia City" is named because of the shape of those forms. The fact is that the "city" is an interesting place. And in some theories that is an abandoned alien city. The fact is that those pyramid-shaped structures. Along with " the face", are interesting because the geological process behind them is extraordinary. 

The remarkable thing in Cydonia is found in Wikipedia. 

"Cydonia lies in the planet's northern hemisphere in a transitional zone between the heavily cratered regions to the south and relatively smooth plains to the north. Some planetologists believe that the northern plains may once have been ocean beds and that Cydonia may once have been a coastal zone. It is in the Mare Acidalium quadrangle". (Wikipedia/Cydonia (Mars) So that area was a good place to establish a nuclear plant. And researchers cannot pass that kind of thing. 

Theoretically, we can create green skin for ourselves very easily. By using genetic engineering and nanotechnology, we can connect the genome that makes the chlorophyll in our skin cells. And that thing turns our skin photosynthetic. We must remember that there are also green snakes and other green reptilians on Earth. Chlorophyll would turn the skin green and make it possible. Animals can create sugars and vitamin C in their skin. 

The other interesting things are the "face" and "Cydonia. The problem is that those things are very interesting because there is a possibility that the "face" was a short-term geological structure. But what forms that structure? Also the "ruins" are interesting and that opens new questions. What is behind those structures? The thing is that three images from Viking 1 to Mars Global Surveyor 2001 show that the structure was real. But the geological process behind it is anyway interesting. 

But what if researchers find remnants of the things like human enterobacterium from Mars samples? That thing makes very big thoughts in the minds of researchers. There are lots of mysteries in the universe. And one of the things that we might think about is the possibility that some Earth bacteria will be found on Mars in an area. there are no probes. When we search for the origin of life we cannot close anything away from our minds. When we are talking and reading about myths of ancient aliens. We must keep our minds open. 

https://science.nasa.gov/face-mars

https://scitechdaily.com/we-asked-a-nasa-scientist-is-there-life-on-mars/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cydonia_(Mars)

NASA found the point in the universe where nothing exists.

The bubble of nothing. The diameter of that bubble is about 300 light-years is the place where is the lowest known energy level. The density of radiation and other fields are lowest as possible. That area is interesting. Because there some researchers hope that they could see the fourth dimension. 

The thing that separates the third dimension from the fourth dimension is the energy level. At which a particle loses its ability to interact with other 3D particles. That great nothing can just uncover the Higgs field. And it can answer the question does the proton split? That could uncover the possibility of the formation of iron stars. 

As I wrote many times the energy roof in the third dimension is the energy floor of the fourth dimension. In this area, the energy floor of the fourth dimension is extremely low. And researchers could think that they could see tachyon interaction. Theoretically, the tachyon cannot come out from the fourth dimension because the energy floor or energy that transfers to the tachyon at the point where it should start to interact with material pushes it back to the fourth dimension.  

The bubble of nothing is the place that is as close to the universe in its last times as possible. 

The low energy level makes it possible. That tachyon will enter into the third dimension. At that moment. There is no energy anymore that can push those particles back to the fourth dimension. So in a very old universe, tachyons can also travel in that low energy and a very cold place. Maybe Iron stars are the last stars that are creating energy. That thing requires that the proton is not splitting. If a proton splits the last energy source would be splitting protons. The splitting neutrons are the things that are also capable of energy sources. 

The bubble of nothing is the area that is as close to the time at the end of the universe as possible. The energy level in the old universe is very low if we compare it with the universe where we live. The material and gravitation interact similar way as they interact now. So near the last stars is similar plasma bubbles. That is around the Sun and other stars. But the universe or space is lower energy than it's today. 

The universe's density is lower and that means the difference between material density near stars and interstellar space is steeper than it's now. So when photons or electrons are traveling between stars. They are traveling faster than they travel today. And when those photons or electrons hit the plasma bubble they will slow their speed sending Cherenkov radiation. The energy roof is lower and there is a possibility that the tachyons can slip in that very cold universe where is only a couple of red dwarfs, black dwarfs, and maybe iron stars. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_star

Mitochondria is the powerhouse of cells.

There is no remaining original DNA of the very first organisms on Earth. People normally say that things like mitochondria (mtDNA) are not changing. But actually, there are mutations also in that DNA. When electromagnetic or chemical stress impacts the DNA that causes changes in its structure. This is one of the reasons why we cannot restore things like T-Rex to nature. We can take the DNA of that dinosaur and put that DNA in some other reptilians morula. In that process, we must just change the DNA in the cell's nucleus.

 But the problem is nobody knows how much damage is in that DNA. Nobody has ever seen a living T-Rex, and that means. No DNA can compare with the DNA sequences used in that work. Without full DNA from the living organism, there is no DNA matrix. If we want to fix those damages in genomes by using sequences taken from some chicken that thing will not work as we want. 

The problem is that nobody knows what DNA sequences are missing. So genetic engineers can create something that looks like T-Rex, but that thing will not be T-Rex. The mitochondria DNA doesn't give very much data about the organism where they give energy. 

Mitochondria have different, own DNA. That has no connection with the specie's DNA. So mitochondria still have the form. That they had before they went into symbiosis with cells. When cells start to divide, the mitochondria get a signal that they must start to multiply. This thing brings a very interesting idea to my mind. 

"A human blastocyst-like synthetic embryo called blastoid showing the presence of an enveloping layer of extra-embryonic cells, a blastocoel-like cavity, epiblast cells (green, giving rise to the future embryo) and hypoblast cells (red, giving rise to the future amnion). iMiGSeq was used to sequence mtDNA in a single blastoid to model the dynamics of mtDNA mutations during human embryogenesis. Credit: © 2023 KAUST; Mo Li". (ScitechDaily.com/Maternally Inherited Diseases: New Technology Uncovers Hidden Mitochondrial DNA Mutations)

Above: Asterix cartoon (Image:https://asterix.com/en/the-collection/albums/asterix-the-gaul/)

The strength of muscle cells depends on the number of mitochondria in those cells. If genetic engineers can create muscle cells that are more mitochondria than usual those muscles will be stronger. 

Do you know the comics Asterix? The small Gallian village defends itself against the Romans by using a secret potion that gives supernatural strength to those people. The reason why those strengths come from the potion is that those people are easier to control. When the effect time of the potion is limited they need the potion again, if they wish to fight. 

There is a possibility that something can give a chemical signal to mitochondria that they must start to divide. But at this time the cell will not divide. That thing increases the power of the muscle cells. If researchers make this kind of chemical, there is a possibility that that kind of thing makes it possible to create superhumans. And when superhumans will not need those strengths anymore the extra-mitochondria could be destroyed. 

These kinds of things are interesting. And new technology allows the creation of cloned mitochondria that can inject into cells. Those cloned mitochondria can give immune cells superpowers. That allows them to destroy cancer cells. The cloned mitochondria can help to keep things like cells alive until they will get to the laboratory. That technology can make organ transfers more successful than they still are. 

https://scitechdaily.com/maternally-inherited-diseases-new-technology-uncovers-hidden-mitochondrial-dna-mutations/

Where do we need General Relativity?

The main problem with old-fashion models of cosmology is that they are modeling the universe and its energy fields as a static entirety. The new models are modeling the universe and its energy fields as a dynamic entirety. That changes its form and energy states all the time. The energy state is not the entire universe. Another important thing is the wavelength of the oscillation. 

The Theory of General Relativity from 1916 is the repairing for weaknesses found in the Theory of Special Relativity from 1905. The problem with the Theory of Special Relativity is that it doesn't take notice of the curvature of spacetime. The thing is that we used models where the universe is a static entirety. Old theories didn't match reality like planet Mercury's orbiting time around the sun. 

And that made Albert Einstein create the Theory of General Relativity, which takes notice of the curvature of spacetime around the gravitational centers. Today we think that there is a pothole around every gravitational object. The thing that is made wrong in cosmology is that we forget that there are also hills in spacetime. Those hills are things like supernovas. Or high-energy objects that act like sources. That energy moves the borders of the system away from that center. 

In the light cone model, the hypersurface of the present is the energy level that is the same as the speed of light. The problem with that model is that: It introduces spacetime as the static and layer-shaped model. In modern models, gravitation makes potholes around the gravitational centers. And the form of electromagnetic quantum fields is changing all the time. In those models space and time are handled in an entirety called spacetime because the relation between the energy level of the particle and its environment determines the aging of the particle. 

The pothole around the objects makes the thing called gravitational lensing possible. Gravitational lensing means that gravitation can turn the route of the light. So that means there could be some kind of field that will turn the direction of the photons. That thing could be the Higgs field the energy field, that is all around the universe. 

When an object is in a gravitational pothole, that pothole pumps more energy from around the object in it. That explains why gravitation slows aging. When gravitation curves the universe into a pothole. It doesn't make that curvature from nothingness. That thing curves the Higgs field. So we can say that curvature in spacetime is curvature in the Higgs field. 

One of the most interesting things that the Theory of General Relativity makes possible is time travel. When a time traveler wants to travel forward in time. That actor must raise the object's speed to the speed of light. That thing stops time. And if the actor just wants to travel back in time, that person just must cross the speed of light. 

Or otherways saying: rise the capsule's energy level higher than its energy level would be in the speed of light. One of the simplest ways is to create a wheel-shaped craft where ions are traveling around the crew cabin at the speed of light. Then the crew will drive that craft to the gravitational field that causes virtual crossing at the speed of light. 

In some other versions, the system drives the craft against a medium like water with the speed of light. If light travels slower in that medium the craft would cross the speed of light in a second. And that impact can rise the speed of craft higher than the speed of light in that medium. In nuclear reactors neutrons that travel faster than the speed of light less than a second send the blue light shockwave called Cherenkov radiation. 

Time travel requires that the particle gets an energy level that is high enough. The high-power energy field dilates time. And if the particle crosses the speed of light it will travel to the past. Time travel is an interesting thing. The black holes are traveling to the past because escaping velocity from the black holes crosses the speed of light. 

And black holes should take information to the point where the supernova that created the black hole exploded. But there are many paradoxes in time travel theories. One of the most interesting things is that that time traveler can shoot his grandfather. And that means the time traveler will not ever be born. But if a time traveler meets and touches him or herself in the past there is a possibility that this thing causes detonation. 

The idea is that if we think of the time cone that models the particle that crosses the energy level that keeps that particle in the third dimension it turns to its mirror. The thing in time travel is bringing an interesting model about the particle that comes outside the system or space. When a particle comes outside the system. It creates a shockwave because it must push all other objects from its route. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity

Tachyon and time reverse.

Is tachyon particle in WARP-bubble? Or is it rather a phenomenon than a particle? Or is tachyon only wave motion that travels just behind neutrino or some other particle? 

There is the possibility that the hypothetical tachyon particle does not exist. Or time-traveling tachyon particles do not exist. 

It's possible. That all hypothetical tachyons are not transporting information back in time. Or even if those particles transport information to the past, that information cannot interact with other particles. In that case, the faster-than-light particles are traveling back in time, but they cannot send their information to other particles. 

The reason for that is linear spacetime model causes a situation where regular, slower-than-light particles are traveling forward in time. And the hypothetical faster-than-light particle is traveling back in time. So those particles are like in elevators where another particle is traveling down, and another is traveling up. 

If tachyons are traveling back in time there is the possibility that interaction between tachyons and other particles is so short that there is no time to detect that interaction. But if that thing is real and tachyons are traveling back in time. That forms a model where dark energy comes from tachyons. 

There is also the possibility that those hypothetical particles exist. But they just cannot interact with the material. So is the ability for interaction requirement for existence. 

There is the possibility that the hypothetical tachyon particle does not exist. Or time-traveling tachyon particles does not exist. There is also the possibility that those hypothetical particles exist. But they just cannot interact with the material. So is the ability for interaction requirement for existence. 

But the fact is clear nobody has seen tachyon yet. And maybe that particle does not exist. If tachyon exists that particle makes it possible to send information to the past. 

Proving the influence of that thing is very difficult. Because even if we send information the receiver must have the ability and be willing to follow that information. Then if that information causes some reaction. The past has always been to us. So it's hard to prove the success of that information transfer. 

And the reason for that is that. When in this hypothetical case, we send information to the past. The effect that this information cause is that the new reality replaces the old one. So the new reality stands from the point where that information is received. 

But that new reality has always been similar to us. So the reality is substance, and time and dimension are attributes. Two substances cannot share the same attribute. So there cannot be two realities at the same time. In the same dimension. And at one point in spacetime can be only one reality. 

But then we must realize another thing. If tachyons are faster-than-light particles they should be in the fourth dimension. So the shape of the tachyon in our third dimension could be the missing quantum-size black hole. The idea is that the tachyon's energy level is so high that it cannot interact with other materials. And that means it's out of our universe. 

Is tachyon particle in WARP-bubble? Or is it rather a phenomenon than a particle? Or is tachyon only wave motion that travels just behind neutrino or some other particle? 

In some models, a tachyon is a so high-energy particle that the quantum field around it forms WARP-bubble around that particle. That thing causes the situation where tachyon can travel faster than light. So in some models, a tachyon is only an electron or neutrino that's energy level is so high that it can travel faster than light in a short moment. Then that particle transforms into a photon and a Higgs boson. But there can be some kind of medium between the photon and the Higgs boson. So that means when the tachyon starts to interact it changes to some other particle. In that model, the tachyon is the particle with the lowest energy level in the fourth dimension. 

There is a couple of theories about the shape of the tachyon. 

*Tachyon does not exist as a particle. That means a tachyon could be some structure or phenomenon rather than a particle. So that means gravitons are particles with extremely high energy levels rather than fast-moving particles. 

*Tachyon could be flat or it's the bite of wave movement. So that means tachyon is not a particle in the form we know it. 

*In some theories tachyons are the same thing as gravitons. That means tachyons could be the source of gravitation waves. 

*In that model gravitational wave would be the channel that is forming when the tachyon travels in the universe. Or if the tachyon is the same thing as graviton gravitational waves are the tornado-shaped structure. That is forming in those quantum-size black holes. One of the most remarkable things is that graviton, tachyon, and quantum-size black holes are all hypothetical things. 

*Tachyon exists only in limited circumstances. That means tachyons could exist, as an example in black holes behind the event horizon. In some theories, a particle transforms into a tachyon when it crosses the event horizon. 

*Or in tachyon can form when some particles. Like neutrino is following some other particle that travels near the speed of light. In that case, the neutrino forms the cone where light can travel faster than other places in the universe. 

*There is a possibility that tachyons are forming in miniature voids in the universe. That thing means that when neutrino or some other particle travels in the void. And there is hitting wave movement that thing can form a situation where the neutrino's speed rises faster than it should. And that causes short-term crossing of the speed of light. And that time could be about zeptosecond class. 

*Tachyon could be the thing that is traveling inside particles or neutrinos. If the particle is like a whisk. And there is some other particle inside that cover-particle and that sub-particle moves ahead. That thing can form a tachyon. 

*So tachyon exists only short time. And that's why it's almost impossible to detect. In some visions, a tachyon is the forward-moving wave movement that leaves Higgs boson when its speed is slowing. 

*Tachyons can be a situation where the particles like photons or Higgs bosons spin in the direction where those particles are moving. That means tachyon is a rather phenomenon than a particle. 

But when we think of graviton as time traveling particle we face one remarkable thing. If we want to prove time reverse, we are in very big trouble. We must prove that information that we send changed something in history. But history always exists for us. And even if we change something in history, that thing always exists for us. So we cannot prove that we changed history. 

Albert Einstein predicted that tachyons allow transmitting information backward in time. The thing, that makes this problematic is that if we send information back in time. How can we prove that the information we send, caused some kind of effect? The past and its effect always exist on us. 

https://www.space.com/tachyon-time-travel-relativity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-symmetry

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

What if a tornado-looking structure could explain the shape of gravitation?

What if the form of gravitation is a coil-spring-looking structure inside all particles? 

The difference between black holes' extremely strong gravitational field and quantum gravitation is the strength of those fields. Otherwise, those phenomena are the same. 

Probably there is a gravitational tornado inside the black hole. That gravitational tornado looks a little bit like a coil spring. There is a coil spring-looking superstring around the electromagnetic low-pressure. 

That coil-sping-looking gravitational wave transmits information to the poles of the black hole. There is lower pressure or a "colder" area in the middle of that tornado. And maybe there is a standing gravitational wave inside that gravitational structure. The most out-core of the gravitational tornado transmits information out from that powerful gravitational maser effect. 

If that structure exists. It could explain the form of gravitation. If gravitation is energy or a tornado that gravitational waves forming, that tornado could explain the gravitation. 

The gravitational or electromagnetic tornados could act like an antenna that pulls energy out from the center of the black holes and particles. Energy or wave movement acts like water. If something transfers it away the structure's outcoming wave movement will start to replace that energy. So if a gravitational tornado is a form of gravitation. That means outside wave movement pushes particles together. The difference between a black hole's extremely strong gravitational field and the quantum gravitation that surrounds protons and neutrons is the strength of that field. 

When we are thinking about the form of the black hole's gravitational field, that structure acts like all other wave movements. If some point of that gravitational field is stronger than others that stronger gravitational field pushes the weaker gravitational field away. And that means the gravitational tornado transmits information out of the black hole

When a neutron star is forming the massive gravitational field pulls quantum fields away from atoms. That gravitational field causes an effect where electrons are dropping through the neutron star. Or they are flying to space because of a massive shockwave. At that moment the only thing that remains in that star is neutrons. The reason why neutrons are forming those extremely dense stars is that they are polar particles. 

But also the outcoming material and wave movement pushes the neutrons in one structure. If there is some kind of gravitational tornado that thing pulls wave movement through the neutron star. That wave movement that travels through that structure will pull neutrons together. 

When protons are coming too close to each other electromagnetic forces push them away. Neutrons have north and south poles that tie them to one entirety. When neutron stars are forming, they start to spin, and the speed of that spin is extremely fast. And if some material hits to neutron star's core it turns to plasma and a magnetic field transports that material to the neutron star's poles. It forms a radiation pike known as a pulsar.

But then we want to think that the black holes are "only extreme versions of neutron stars. The spin of black holes is much higher than neutron stars. Their gravitational field is stronger. But there are also radiation pikes at the black hole's poles. 

So, does gravitation act like water? When black holes and neutron stars are spinning. There is forming structure in those objects, that structure is like a tornado or electromagnetic vacuum. This structure could explain the form of gravitation. Two down and one up quarks are forming neutrons. In the extremely high-speed neutron's internal structure is turning in one direction because of centripetal force. That structure is like a triangle and it transports electromagnetic wave movement inside the neutron star. 

Neutron stars and black holes are acting like some tops. In those extremely fast-spinning objects, electromagnetic fields act like water. They are starting to travel to the poles of those objects. And that thing forms those radiation pikes. But there is the possibility that the same effect can explain the model of gravitation. 

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

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How are genomes traveling between species?

In distant islands, researchers are investigating how genomes are jumping between species. The genome exchange over species is known in the world of bacteria. But populations with limited living space are good subjects for research on how genomes jump between higher and more complicated species. The main genome transporter is retroviral. But there is also the possibility. 

That insects or some other more complicated parasites are transferring blood or some other cells between species. And those cells can also transport genomes between distances. There is the possibility that the DNA bites can jump between species. 

Those DNA bites can connect to the genomes of the new species.  When animals are on distant islands. If they have no mates from the same species they can also make crossbreeds. In some distant islands lives their species. 

But there are also "islands" on dry lands things like Taita-hills in southern Africa offer a similar place for evolution with distant islands. Those dry-land islands like Taita or some high mountains like Kilimanjaro or Mt. Kenya are places where evolution can follow a similar timeline to those remote areas. 

Taita Hills are forming the dry land island. 

In remote or isolated areas, some animals degenerate. Degeneration makes the immune defense weak. That thing makes it possible that retroviruses can transfer genomes more effectively than if the species' immune defense works as it should. 

In genetic research, the term "island" means an area that isolates the population. Things like city parks form man-made isolated islands where the population lives isolated. And there is the possibility that the creatures can separate from their main species. That thing happened in Galapagos. But also other isolated areas are offering a platform where that separation can happen. 

New York Central Park is one of the man-made islands. 

Things like New York Central Park are man-made islands if we think of them as isolated places. The Streets and buildings are forming hostile areas around those parks. And in those areas, little animals like insects and mice are in extreme danger. In those areas, some cats and vehicles can kill those small animals. 

From the perspective of animals living in those parks, those areas are actually in the middle of the desert. And that thing can cause similar genome exchange between species. There are not so many cats or some small predators in the city parks. That thing forms the place where genomes can jump between species. 

Hostile areas around the environment can isolate them very effectively. The thing that forms an evolutionary island is the area that isolates the population in some areas. 

The island must not be very far away from the mainland that it forms an isolated area. Hindrances are not necessarily natural. 

Humans can also make islands where the animal populations are very isolated. Things like highways and cities can form areas that can isolate the population in areas. Animals can find a safe place against predators from city parks. And that thing causes degeneration as I wrote earlier. 

In closed areas, retroviruses can jump between species because individuals degenerate. Degeneration causes the immune defense of individuals is collapsing. And that thing makes it possible. DNA bites and viruses can connect to other species more effectively than usual.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-genes-can-leap-from-snakes-to-frogs-20221027/

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