How can the universe expand faster than light? And a quantum gravitational problem.

   

“The observable universe extends far beyond its age in light-years because space itself has expanded during the journey of distant light. Yet even within that vast region, some galaxies are destined to fade from sight forever. Credit: Shutterstock.” (ScitechDaily, The Universe Can Expand Faster Than Light Without Breaking Physics)

Can the universe expand faster than light? The answer is yes. If. The limit of the universe is the distance between two photons. That left from the Big Bang. That means those photons that travel at the speed of light. Are moving away from each other. With. A speed that is virtually two times faster than the speed of light. The total escaping velocity of those photons is two times the speed of light. 

Same way. If the mutual escape velocity between two galaxies. It can be virtually faster than the speed of light. When. Two objects are growing apart. That causes the Doppler effect. While. Those objects’ distance grows. The wavelength of waves that travel between them turns longer. This means light that travels between distancing galaxies turns red. Or the spectral lines of those galaxies shift to red. 

This is why the Doppler effect is known as redshift. When. Objects are on an impact course. This causes the effect. The wavelength turns shorter. The particle pushes the wave movement ahead of it. That means light or spectral lines shift to the blue. That causes the name blueshift for objects that travel toward each other. 

When the mutual escape velocity. That is Between. Two objects. It turns fast enough. The redshift between those objects turns so strong. 

That. The wavelength grows so long. That the observations between those two objects. They turn impossible. The wavelength of the light turns so long. That those waves. They will stretch out from the optical area. If. The mutual escaping velocity is high enough. All radiation that reaches another object is radio waves. Finally, redshift stretches all radiation out from the known electromagnetic spectrum. 

Black holes are also stretching light and all other radiation. This causes a situation. The black hole’s redshift is very strong. Because. Gravitation stretches radiation. Black holes. They seem. To be. At a longer distance. Than it actually is. 

So, could Hawking radiation have such a long wavelength? That. Its wavelength is longer. Than. Any known radio wave has. So, that means Hawking radiation. It could be outside the known electromagnetic spectrum. 

"An animation illustrating how the Doppler effect causes a car engine or siren to sound higher in pitch when it is approaching than when it is receding. The red circles represent sound waves." (Wikipedia, Doppler effect)

Electromagnetic spectrum. 

Could the Hawking radiation have such a long wavelength? That it’s outside the visible electromagnetic spectrum? So, are researchers searching for that radiation on the wrong side of the electromagnetic spectrum? 

Redshift is one of the reasons. Why. We cannot see the black hole. A black hole’s gravity stretches light. And all wave movement. This means that if the photon or some wave movement can escape from the black hole’s event horizon. That means that this wave movement. Its wavelength is extremely long. So, this model. It causes an idea. That maybe Hawking radiation. It has an extremely long wavelength.  Could that wavelength be so long? That it's longer than known radio waves? 

“Physicists have long assumed that uniting quantum mechanics with gravity would require spacetime itself to behave quantum mechanically. A new theoretical framework suggests that some apparent signs of “quantum gravity” may instead be explained by quantum particles moving through ordinary spacetime, raising new questions about what future experiments must actually detect. Credit: Shutterstock. (ScitechDaily, Quantum Gravity May Be Far Less Quantum Than Physicists Expected)

“A quantum superposition of gravitational fields or spacetimes (top) and a “test” particle in a quantum superposition of locations in an ordinary gravitational field (bottom). The gravitational field could be that produced by a star, black hole, or even another quantum “source” particle. Credit: Joshua Foo/Kyushu University. “ (ScitechDaily, Quantum Gravity May Be Far Less Quantum Than Physicists Expected)

Can we put gravitational fields into superpositions? 

Even if the particle is in a superposition, the superposition between gravitational fields is not necessary. The ability to put particles into superposition. And if that thing puts gravitational fields around those particles into superposition. That means that. Gravitational field. around those particles. Will reach half of its power. 

So by using multiple superpositioned particles. It’s possible that those particles. could suck gravitational fields away from around those objects. The idea is the same as photonic decay. The photon can decay. It can form another photon. But in that multiplying process. Those two photons have, let’s say, 50% of the mass of the original photon. 

Or. Those two photons' Total mass. It is the same as the original photon. If. Gravitational fields follow the same rule. This. Is one of the most interesting Things in the history of physics. If. The gravitational field around particles behaves like a photon. That makes negative gravitation possible. But the system. It should make multiple superpositions in gravitational fields. Or. In some other models, superposition. It can suck another particle’s gravitational field from around it. This is one version of how gravitational fields interact at the quantum level. 

So, a gravitational field. It’s the sum of the quantum gravitational centers. That forms another interesting model. The black hole’s singularity has no internal structure. That means. That it. Forms the strong quantum gravitational effect. 

The black hole’s gravitational center. The singularity seems like a quark from outside. The gravitational effect is similar to quarks. But its strength is stronger. This gravitational field stretches other quantum fields, such as the electromagnetic field. And the fields of weak and strong nuclear forces. 

The gravitational field is like a lasso. It pulls particles with it. So. If we could see the pothole of the gravitational field. That pothole travels to the stronger gravitational field. Or, a deeper gravitational pothole. That deeper gravitational pothole breaks the edge of the smaller pothole. And then that opposite slope of the gravitational field pushes the object to the stronger gravitational field. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universe-can-expand-faster-than-light-without-breaking-physics/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-gravity-may-be-far-less-quantum-than-physicists-expected/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift