The new theory about the origin of the universe.

"A radical new theory rethinks how the Universe began, using only gravity and quantum physics, no speculative fields or assumptions required. If confirmed, it could reshape our understanding of cosmic origins. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rewriting Physics Textbooks: Scientists Propose a Bold New Theory About the Universe’s Origins)

The material, or particles, can form wave movement. And wave movement can form from particles. We can call energy a wave movement, and material a condensed form of energy. But the problem with the origin of the universe is that material or energy cannot form from emptiness. If there were some kind of particle cloud where particles vaporized into the wave movement, the crossing points of those waves could form particles. The key elements in this new theory are De Sitter Space and De Sitter Universe. 

"De Sitter space is the maximally symmetric vacuum solution of Einstein's field equations in which the cosmological constant is positive (corresponding to a positive vacuum energy density and negative pressure).(Wikipedia, De Sitter Space)

"A de Sitter universe is a cosmological solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, named after Willem de Sitter. It models the universe as spatially flat and neglects ordinary matter, so the dynamics of the universe are dominated by the cosmological constant, thought to correspond to dark energy in our universe or the inflaton field in the early universe. According to the models of inflation and current observations of the accelerating universe, the concordance models of physical cosmology are converging on a consistent model where our universe was best described as a de Sitter universe at about a time t=(about)10−33 s after the fiducial Big Bang singularity, and far into the future. (Wikipedia, De Sitter universe)

The Big Bang theory is one of the most dominant cosmological models. The idea in that theory is that there came an energy spike at some point. And then that energy spike collapsed, causing an energy wave that traveled in spacetime. The problem with that model is that it doesn’t explain where that energy came from. The wave-particle duality means that the wave movement can transform into particles and particles can turn into wave movement. But the problem is that wave movement or particles cannot form from nothingness. The problem with all theories about the origin of the Universe is always where that wave movement that condensates into material came from. 

"A team of scientists proposes a new model of cosmic inflation that reveals how gravity and quantum mechanics may be sufficient to explain how the structure of the cosmos came into being. Credit: University of Barcelona’s Institute of Cosmos Sciences (ICCUB)" (ScitechDaily, Rewriting Physics Textbooks: Scientists Propose a Bold New Theory About the Universe’s Origins)

An interesting thing is this: if we take any particle cloud to the absolute vacuum, there are no quantum fields that cause particles' fast vaporization. Those particles turn into a wave movement. And that reaction can be extremely rough. So, a particle cloud can be the origin of the universe. But, where did those particles or the energy that forms those particles in wave-particle duality (WPD) come from? 

The new theory of the origin of the universe closes speculative fields. The idea is that gravitational waves and the quantum ripples caused reactions that formed the Universe. In this new model, the Bose-Einstein condensate gravitons caused a reaction that we know as the Big Bang. The Universe began with the well-established De Sitter cosmic state. So, the origin of the universe was in the condensed gravity waves. 

And the question is always where those gravitational waves that condensate into the cloud of Bose-Einstein graviton condensate came from. The problem is that nobody has seen gravitons yet. The other question is that the gravitational wave cannot travel in space; there is nothing. There must always be something or some kind of field that turns into particles. And could there be gravity in spacetime where there is absolutely nothing? 

In some models, the origin of the universe is in some kind of black hole eruption. This model only moves the problem of the origin of material and energy back, even if the so-called phoenix-universe model, where the universe collapses in a Big Crunch, forming a black hole where the entire material in the universe would be condensed into one small point. And then, because there were no quantum fields that could resist the black hole’s energy flow, the black hole erupted or detonated. But that model has the same problem as other models. Where was the original black hole and material that formed the universe? 

In some models, the universe formed from the field interaction. The idea of this model was that there was a field or wave movement before the Big Bang. Then, formed a hole in the wave field. That hole caused a situation where wave movement, which we can call energy, started to fall into that hole. That collapsing hole or bubble collected energy into the middle of it. And then that effect formed like some kind of vacuum bomb. Impacting waves formed the first particles, and then those particles formed other particles. And the problem is always the same. Where does that wave field come from? 

https://phys.org/news/2025-07-rethinking-big-gravity-quantum-ripples.html

https://scitechdaily.com/rewriting-physics-textbooks-scientists-propose-a-bold-new-theory-about-the-universes-origins/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Crunch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_space

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

Einstein was wrong and Bohr was right. (Light can have either particle or wave form, but those forms cannot exist in the same time)

 

Einstein was wrong and Bohr was right. (Light can have either particle or wave form, but those forms cannot exist in the same time)

“Schematic of the MIT experiment: Two single atoms floating in a vacuum chamber are illuminated by a laser beam and act as the two slits. The interference of the scattered light is recorded with a highly sensitive camera depicted as a screen. Incoherent light appears as background and implies that the photon has acted as a particle passing only through one slit. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers.” (ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

“MIT physicists have performed the most precise version of the famous double-slit experiment, using ultracold atoms and single photons to reveal the strange dual nature of light as both wave and particle.” (ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

“This quantum balancing act—long debated by Einstein and Bohr—was tested without traditional “spring” components, instead relying on atomic “fuzziness” to confirm Bohr’s view: you can’t observe both properties at once. The experiment not only showcases the subtleties of quantum mechanics but also revisits and resolves a historic scientific rivalry.” (ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

MIT proved to be one of the most interesting quantum problems. We cannot observe light as both particles and waves simultaneously. We can see light as particles or waves, but it’s impossible to see those things at the same time. That thing is very interesting if we want to create things like a quantum internet where photons transport data. The photon can act as a particle, and it can also have a wave movement form. But those two positions cannot exist in the same photon, or light quantum, at the same time. An observer can see photon particles and waves at the same time, but those waves and photons are separated, independent light quantum. 

The test is called a double-slit experiment, used to prove that light has particle and wave forms. In 1801, British scientist Thomas Young proved that light has a dual identity. The photon can be a particle or it can have a wave form. But those things are always separated. So a photon is either a particle or a wave. But those forms cannot exist at the same time in the same photon. We can introduce photons as light quanta. That means a photon can stretch to a wave or it can wrinkle to a particle. When a photon stretches, that means the photon turns flat. The stretched photon is the thing that we can see as wave movement. 

“Nearly a century ago, the experiment was at the center of a friendly debate between physicists Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. In 1927, Einstein argued that a photon particle should pass through just one of the two slits and, in the process, generate a slight force on that slit, like a bird rustling a leaf as it flies by. He proposed that one could detect such a force while also observing an interference pattern, thereby catching light’s particle and wave nature at the same time. In response, Bohr applied the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle and showed that the detection of the photon’s path would wash out the interference pattern.” (ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

Einstein defended his idea of light to Niels Bohr. Einstein’s model was that the photon can have wave and particle forms at the same time. Bohr's model was that the photon can have either a particle or a wave form. And as we know, Bohr was right. The knowledge of how photons act can be key to fundamental internet and data transportation models. The system that could input data into the waves and then wrap those waves into photons can open new paths to ultra-secure data transmission. When a photon arrives at the receiver, that thing can open the package and read data from that package. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-just-proved-einstein-wrong-in-the-most-famous-quantum-experiment/

Uranus delivers more energy than it gets from the sun.

"Using decades of space data, scientists have cracked the mystery of Uranus’s hidden heat. While weaker than other gas giants, this internal warmth rewrites what we know about the icy planet — and fuels excitement for a long-awaited NASA mission. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, A Hidden Heat Source on Uranus Just Changed What We Know About Planets)

Outcoming particle flow can form a point-shaped thermal point in the atmosphere.

Can that extra energy form in friction, or in internal radioactive decay? Or does some kind of external radiation beam push energy to that planet's atmosphere? If some kind of beam of energetic particles hits Uranus's atmosphere, it forms a thermal point at that impact area. 

Uranus and its internal heat source challenge theories about planet formation. The heat source is visible in the Uranus atmosphere. That means Uranus shines more energy than it gets from the sun. There is a rocky planet inside that great atmosphere. The size of that structure compared to the planet's size is very small. That rocky planet is smaller, or its gravity is weaker than on Earth. The large atmosphere around that planet is the thing that we see when we look at that distant gas giant. The thermal source on that planet can form in a similar way to that on Earth. The mass of Uranus is far higher than that of Earth if we measure it from the highest point of the planet’s atmosphere. 

Uranus's pole can also pull high-energy particles into that planet's atmosphere. And that particle flow can raise Uranus's temperature. 

The atmosphere forms most of Uranus ' mass. The temperature of that atmosphere is about 45 Kelvin. And its top temperature is about 50 Kelvin. Or, 50 degrees over absolute zero. Hydrogen, maybe methane, and helium form that atmosphere. In theories, there was a small rocky planet somewhere in the Kuiper Belt, or in some theories, Uranus was a rogue planet that collected its atmosphere around it in extremely stable conditions. In extremely stable conditions, the small planet can collect a huge gas shell around it. The tilt axis of Uranus supports the theory that it could be some kind of rogue planet. The thing that makes Uranus interesting is that it's lighter than it should be. Neptune is far heavier, and that causes discussions about the origin of Uranus, which is the same size but far lighter than Neptune. 

The internal radioactive material, like radioactive potassium, can form an internal temperature that is measurable on Earth. Uranus’s atmosphere is far colder than Earth's, and that means that IR systems can detect that thermal source more easily than on warmer planets. The other thing is that the layers in Uranus's atmosphere don’t move at the same speed. The difference between the speeds of the atmosphere’s layers can cause friction. The laying axle of that planet means that Uranus acts like a locked planet. The temperature difference between night and day causes massive winds in its atmosphere. Uranus' rotation is 17 hours 14 minutes. But because the planet’s tilt is 82 degrees, that means Uranus turns its other pole to the Sun. 

The other explanation can be that the wind in the Uranus atmosphere forms friction at the point where gas meets ice or liquid form. That means the energy source can be in friction in the liquid or gas layers in Uranus’s structures. In models, there is liquid gas around the icy layer that surrounds the rocky layer. When energy from the sun hits Uranus's atmosphere, it raises its temperature. The thing that makes gas move is the difference in temperatures in the atmosphere. Even if Uranus has no solid surface, there can be structures that can cause friction in that planet’s atmosphere. The secrets of Uranus are big. There might be many secrets that wait for their finder in that icy and mysterious world's atmosphere. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-hidden-heat-source-on-uranus-just-changed-what-we-know-about-planets/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus

What does an electron do in its tunnel? (Quantum tunnels and electrons)

"Scientists have finally glimpsed what electrons do inside a quantum tunnel, revealing a surprising hidden interaction that rewrites our understanding of a fundamental physical process. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Century-Old Quantum Mystery Solved: Scientists Finally See Inside the Electron’s “Tunnel”)

One of the most interesting things in the quantum tunnels is that light travels faster in those tunnels than around them. The reason for that is that quantum fields that fall into those quantum tunnels move. And the speed of light is relative to its environment. So if a photon travels in a fast-moving quantum field. 

That photon travels faster than it does in a slower traveling field. Quantum fields are the environment. The speed of light is relative to the speed of the environment. Two photons in the same field travel at the same speed. But if another photon travels in a slower field, that photon in faster fields seems faster to a photon that travels in a slower field. 

The quantum tunnel is like a tube. All particles can make a quantum tunnel. And all quantum tunnels are wormholes. The Einstein-Rosen bridge is only the ultimate version of those things. Things like electrons and other particles can also make quantum tunnels.

Finally, researchers see what an electron does in its tunnel. And that opens new visions into quantum technology. When an electron travels in the medium, every single medium is a potential wall. And the electron tunnels itself through those walls. When an electron travels through the potential wall, it releases or receives energy.

So when an electron travels in the potential field, it pushes fields away and makes a tunnel through the potential wall. The tunnel that electrons make in the electromagnetic field is quite similar to the tunnel. Things like black holes are created in gravitational and quantum fields. In quantum tunneling, particles travel through the whirl-shaped potential wall. That potential wall is like a quantum tornado. 

And the thing that makes this quantum tunnel interesting is that the quantum tunnel can inject energy into that particle. The quantum tunnel sends radiation into itself. The quantum tunnel that spins like a whirl turns a higher energy level than the environment inside it. If that quantum whirl pumps enough energy into that particle, it can turn the particle into a black hole. Whether that happens depends on this: can a particle release its energy? 

If a particle is in a long quantum tunnel, energy that falls into the tunnel can push the particle to move deeper and deeper in the tunnel. If that particle cannot push energy out from the tunnel or break the tunnel around it, that means the particle's mass rises. That continues until the particle's energy level rises so high that it can break the whirl around it. Or it can push those fields behind it back. The third version is that the quantum tornado’s energy level decreases so low that particles can break it. That means the particle's energy level turns higher than the quantum tornado around it. 

"Spatiotemporal trajectory of an electron tunneling through Coulomb barrier under strong laser field. Credit: POSTECH" (ScitechDaily, Century-Old Quantum Mystery Solved: Scientists Finally See Inside the Electron’s “Tunnel”)

One of the things in the electron tunneling is that the electron's position must be stable. If an electron wobbles, it cannot make the quantum channel that is tight enough to it can pull an electron into it. 

"Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature." (Wikipedia, Meissner effect)

The idea is that the fast-spinning electron can form an effect. That looks like the Meissner effect. The spinning particle pulls a quantum field like a roll or a whirl. And if the particle can form a whirl that is long enough, that whirl can pull the particle through it. Quantum tunneling through walls happens when a particle makes a whirl through the wall. The whirl can form a quantum channel through an atom's quantum fields. And then the particle can push those fields away from its path. The particle will not interact with those quantum fields. And that makes it possible to teleport positrons through that channel. That thing can have at least military applications.

In a quantum internet, information can travel in electrons. Or the quantum tunnel around it can also transmit data. So, the system can send information impulses connecting them to electrons. Or it can send those energy waves in the quantum tunnel's or quantum whirl's walls. The third way is to transmit information in the form of wave movement through the quantum tunnel. The quantum tunnel can also offer the possibility of making quantum entanglement through that tunnel. That tunnel protects information that travels in the superposition. 

The idea in quantum mechanics is this. All particles make basically similar interactions with their environment. But the scale of the interactions between particles and the environment is different. That means beta radiation is basically a similar phenomenon to the wind, but the thing that moves in beta radiation is the electron. And in the wind, the thing that moves is the air molecule. But then we can think about the electron and its interaction with the environment. 

The big question is what makes the electron move. In beta radiation, the atom’s nucleus starts to send gamma radiation. That radiation makes an electromagnetic shadow in front of the particles. And that shadow pulls electrons into it. 

The answer can be in the thing that is similar to the Meissner effect. When the electron spin is high enough, that thing makes the electromagnetic whirl around it. Or the structures on the electron's shell touch the quantum field and start to roll it around the electron. When that channel starts to grow long enough and the energy level on the other side is higher than the other, that makes electrons travel in the channel or tunnel. 

That makes it possible to create a quantum internet that is more effective and secure than anything before. The electron can transport information between two points. But the problem is this: if researchers don’t know all parts of its interactions, and an electron touches its tunnel, that destroys information immediately. 

https://scitechdaily.com/century-old-quantum-mystery-solved-scientists-finally-see-inside-the-electrons-tunnel/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling

The universe, its particles, and quantum fields.

"New research suggests that collapsing stars may serve as natural laboratories to uncover hidden neutrino behavior, with potential implications for the birth of black holes and neutron stars. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, The Universe’s Most Elusive Particles Might Be Talking to Themselves)

Wave-particle duality (WPD) means that particles can turn into energy and vice versa: energy or energy fields can turn into particles. WPD means that particles are only the denser points in the quantum fields. The fact is that the particles require quantum fields for their existence. Without those quantum fields, there is no resistance that can push particles into their form. And that means if we take quantum fields out, energy flows away from particles, ripping them into pieces. And that turns particles into wave movement or quantum fields. Dark energy can form in some sub-particle structures that are too small to detect. 

But anyway, if a particle goes out from the universe, it turns into a wave immediately. And that makes it hard to detect anything outside the universe. The temperature outside the universe is unknown, but it's lower than 3K radiation or Planck radiation. It might be lower than the thermal minimum in the universe. And if that energy level is lower than the thermal minimum, 0K or -273.15C. That means energy can travel only out of the universe. That makes it impossible to observe things outside the universe. 

The most elusive particles in the universe can play an important role in neutron star and black hole formation. 

Neutrinos are almost massless particles. Their interaction with other particles is very weak. And that makes them travel through planets without touching anything. But today, researchers noticed a new interaction between neutrinos. That means a neutrino can interact with other neutrinos. And that makes those elusive particles more interesting than they were before. When a neutrino travels through objects, it takes some part of the quantum fields with it. That means those quantum fields transfer energy to the neutrino when it travels through them. 

Can the gravitational version of the Meissner effect be possible? In that gravitational Meissner effect, gravitational waves act like electromagnetic fields in the Meissner effect. And can this kind of effect also explain why neutrino interaction is so weak? The case where EM-fields travel past the particle that turns them denser than that thing allows the particle tunnel itself through walls? So is the spin of the neutrino so fast that a similar effect to the Meissner effect can make it almost weightless. If a neutrino hovers in an EM-pocket, it's hard to detect. 

"Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature." (Wikipedia, Meissner-effect) Tc=Temperature Critical. Could there be a similar critical level to gravity?

In the theoretical model, the gravitational waves in extremely dense, fast-spinning particles can act in the same way as electromagnetic fields act in the so-called Meissner effect.  That theoretical phenomenon can be called the gravitational Meissner effect. Or the antigravity. 

If the gravitational Meissner effect exists, that thing can make gravitational levitation possible. The idea is that the fast-spinning particle can turn into a quantum-sized black hole. And that thing makes it possible that gravitational waves travel past the particle. The gravitational Meisner effect can explain some details about black holes. Radiation that travels past those objects closes them inside the radiation bag. So the thing that makes black holes special is that regular and quantum gravity are connected in them. The fast-spinning, extremely dense objects can create a situation where they don't let gravitational waves travel through them. That thing can make the gravitational Meissner effect possible. 

When a neutrino beam travels through the star, that thing can act like airflow that travels through rooms. The neutrino beam takes energy with it. And that decreases the temperature in the star's core. That thing can cause a very dangerous situation when the energy level decreases in the star’s core and the route of the neutrinos. When the energy level decreases, that means the energy that can resist gravity turns lower. And that neutrino beam can cause situations that start to explode sooner than it should. When the energy level decreases, that means the star's outer layers start to fall to its core, and that can cause extreme peaks in the energy production. 

Can a neutrino be the thing that glues quantum and regular gravity together? The idea in quantum gravity is that some kind of radiation or small particles that travel through the particles turns them cold. When something takes energy away from an object, outgoing energy tries to replace that energy. That movement continues until energy levels inside and outside the object are at the same level. In some models, the spin of particles binds quantum fields to them. 

That means particles turned those fields into kinetic energy. The energy that the particle binds pulls other particles to that thing. So, theoretically, a quantum-sized black hole requires that the spin of the particle turns so high. 

When large and dense groups of particles spin, they bind lots of energy into them. Without that spin, that particle’s existence ends. The question is, where do particles put the energy that they store? The outside quantum field pushes structure into its form. If that quantum field turns too weak relative to the structure, the energy that comes out from the structure destroys it. The question is, could the extremely fast-spinning quantum black hole emit gravitational radiation past it? That causes an interesting question about the gravitational Meissner effect's existence. If that Meissner effect's gravitational version exists, that means the gravitational levitation can turn into reality.   

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/quantum-fields-quantum-particles/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universes-most-elusive-particles-might-be-talking-to-themselves/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

 

Photons, particles, and dark energy.

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

How can a photon be a wave and a particle? The answer can be found in the photon’s image. There is a possibility that when a photon travels in quantum fields, that particle will stretch and turn into the thing that looks like flat spaghetti. That thing explains the thing that Newton proved. The light and all other electromagnetic waves have particle and wave forms, if their transportation particle is a photon. A very strong energy could roll that stretched photon into a roll. And if that roll is tight enough, that is impossible to see from the outside. 

The thing is that the photon can also carry mysterious dark energy. In some models, the photon could simply press such a thin or narrow form that it interacts with a very small part of the particles. That thing can explain why we cannot see dark energy. 

Black holes and quantum gravity. 

When we think about gravity, that thing acts like some kind of thermal pump. In some models, gravity is like a very thin energy beam. When that energy beam travels through particles and other objects, that thing will pull energy from the object’s shell with it. When a particle's energy level turns lower, that causes a situation where there are quantum fields, that means strong and weak nuclear force fields. And electromagnetic fields travel to the particle. That thing explains why the particle can pull other particles into it. 

That thing happens because other fields travel to the particle. This is one version of this model. Every one of those particles is the gravitational quantum point. There is a possibility that the black holes can prove that hypothesis. There, the gravitational radiation is so strong and gravity quantum points are close to each other. 

So what if gravitation and dark energy can be the same? The idea of that model is this. When dark energy hits the particle, it interacts with it. The particle can send that radiation forward. In the case of dark energy, radiation interacts with particles in such a small area that it’s hard to see. Or maybe dark energy can travel through the particles like wind. That thing turns them cold. 

But we cannot see that thing, because radiation that comes from bigger structures can cover it. When dark energy travels through that particle, it takes energy from it. That Thing means that the dark energy transports energy out from the particle. And that causes a situation where the dark energy and particles interact like thermal pumps. If dark energy really acts like a thermal pump, that thing can cause quantum fields to fall to the particle, as I wrote before. 

When we think about the sombrero model, which is made for quantum gravity. We can use the same model to model the black hole. The energy level of the particle can rise so high that it can make a channel with another particle. 

If there is one very low-energy particle hanging over the energy hill, that particle can pull energy out from the energy hill. If that particle spins, it can form a very thin energy tornado that transports energy to other particles. 

That particle can have such a narrow energy channel that it's hard to see. Or there can be some string that travels through that energy hill and then pulls energy out from it from one point. That thing pulls energy out of its environment. And pulls energy levels around it. A very cold material around Sgr A* could prove this model. 

"Broken symmetry The energy stored in the Higgs field, as a function of its value. If we look at it from far away, we realise that the Higgs potential is symmetric. However, a local observer sitting in the rim of the potential, at the vacuum state, will not experience a symmetric world. Thus, the theory is symmetric, but the ground state is not. In the Higgs mechanism, the rotational degree of freedom along the rim becomes the longitudinal polarisation of the W and Z bosons, which thereby acquire mass. Credit: J Ellis/M Neubauer" (CernCourier, One Higgs, three discoveries)

 There must be some kind of focus in the energy hill where the lower energy particle can pull energy out. That keeps the energy hill up and energy moving to that hill. When energy moves, it makes an energy ditch around the hill. So we can think of a black hole as a sombrero model where the energy ditch is so deep that the main part of it remains under its edge. The top of that hill can be so narrow that we cannot see it. 

If a primordial black hole can be a so-called “Kugelblitz” that means the dark energy can also form the primordial black hole. “Kugelblitz” black hole forms straight from energy. But how did that happen? In models, the Kugelblitz black holes are not possible in the normal universe. But in a very young universe and in some special situations, like in a black hole’s relativistic jet and its material disk, the radiation can rise to such a high level that a primordial black hole can form. When some kind of energy beam travels through material and quantum fields, it increases those fields’ energy level. 

That thing can form a bubble that expands until outside energy and material make it collapse. The vacuum simply pulls material and energy into it. And that can form the energy level in the middle of that vacuum that the black hole can form and turn stable. The energy forms are in the impacting materials and energy. The existence of a black hole depends on one question. Can the outside energy and material push the black hole so strongly that it cannot push energy out from it through the material disk? If the answer is "yes," the black hole turns stable. 

https://cerncourier.com/a/one-higgs-three-discoveries/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

The dark matter can form energy for some stars.

 

"Some faint stars may not burn with fusion but with dark matter itself. These “dark dwarfs” could be the long-awaited clue to what makes up most of the universe. Credit: SciTechDaily.com"

"Deep in the center of our galaxy, scientists believe a strange type of star may be quietly glowing—not from fusion like our Sun, but from the invisible fuel of dark matter."

These “dark dwarfs” could act like cosmic detectors, collecting heavy, elusive particles that heat them from the inside. If we find them—and especially if we spot one missing its lithium—it could finally point us toward what dark matter really is."

(ScitechDaily, Stars That Shouldn’t Shine Are Pointing Straight to Dark Matter’s Identity)

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If dark or black dwarfs really exist those things can reshape the end of our universe. Those things can form the extra energy that we call dark energy. The white dwarf can also turn into a black dwarf when its energy storage is over. The black dwarf can cause dark matter annihilation which can form energy in the universe. 

Dark (or black) dwarfs mean brown dwarfs, stars that have failed and used up their nuclear fuel. Those stars are a  theoretical group of brown dwarfs. The origin of those things is brown dwarfs, the mysterious medium between planets and stars. Those brown dwarfs can burn their fuel very fast and turn into dark dwarfs. Dark dwarfs have no internal fusion material. They are quite massive but cold objects. That means. They are heavy. If we compare them with planets. And that thing can make them the gravitational traps for dark matter. The gravitational center also pulls dark matter around it. If dark matter has the particle form and the weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs are real, which causes a situation where those particles impact the star's core. 

And that thing can form when dark matter travels into those stars. That gravitation will accelerate the hypothetical dark matter particles, WIMPs, that cause annihilation-type reactions in the dark dwarf. That dark matter interaction can form the “dark light” or dark energy. If that dark energy density is high enough that thing makes it possible that the dark matter annihilation forms so much dark energy that it makes those dark dwarfs shine. In this hypothesis, dark matter annihilation is the source of dark energy. 

The dark dwarfs, stars that should not shine might tell us about the dark matter. There are stars near the center of the galaxy that get energy not from fusion, but the energy that those stars shine forms from dark matter interaction. Near the center of the Milky Way material and energy are denser than at the outer edge of the Milky Way. The giant black hole Sgr A* pulls material and energy into it. In the gravity field, dark matter interacts in a similar way to the visible material. Except that gravity is the only known interaction between visible and dark matter. That means dark matter follows a similar spiral trajectory to Sgr A* as visible material. But that thing is not the entire truth about that strange phenomenon. 

Gravity centers like planets and stars also pull dark matter around them. And that thing can explain why those dark dwarfs can form energy from dark matter. There is a possibility that fast-moving dark matter forms some kind of gravity effect in the star. And that gravitational effect can form whirls that create energy for the star. The other, but more interesting model could be that the antimatter would be particles. And when those small stars trap dark matter in them that dark matter cloud inside them the outgoing dark matter particles impact with those local particles. Those impacts can release energy. 

Maybe, that is the first time when dark matter forms so much dark energy that it can interact with visible material. Dark matter interaction can open the path to new energy sources. But that interaction where hypothetical dark matter particles impact each other can explain the dark energy. These types of stars are the first time that some objects can get their energy from dark matter. And that observation tells about things like dark matter interactions with material. 

When a star or planet’s formation starts there must be a gravitational point that pulls material into it. The dark matter can be that gravitational point as well as some visible particles. Dark matter can also form black holes. But if some star gets its energy from dark matter, that thing will be a new and interesting observation. The new model about stars and their material is that every object in the universe involves both dark and visible material. Because dark matter interacts through gravity, planets and stars also pull dark matter inside them. The position of dark matter is unknown. It can be inside the quarks, between quarks, or electrons, or between other subatomic particles. 

https://scitechdaily.com/stars-that-shouldnt-shine-are-pointing-straight-to-dark-matters-identity/

https://www.space.com/astronomy/dark-matter-could-turn-failed-stars-to-the-dark-side-creating-dark-dwarfs

https://thedebrief.org/theoretical-dark-dwarfs-lurking-near-the-galactic-center-could-help-reveal-dark-matters-secrets/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

The String theory and the 5-plet problem.

"Concept image of strange particles in an atom." (InterestingEngineering)

The 5-plet is a strange 5-particle group detected in the Large Hadron Collider that can challenge String theory and give answers for Dark Matter problems. The problem is that the 5-plet must not exist in the String model. But it still exists. When we think about String theory itself, that theory seems to give answers to every problem in the universe. String theory has the same problem with the Big Bang theory. That theory is commonly accepted, even if it's incomplete. String theory is made for filling the Big Bang theory giving answers to where the material that formed the Big Bang came from. The purpose of String Theory is to answer the question: What “exploded" in the Big Bang? 

String theory is not the same as the Grand Unified Theory, GUT. Some people think that the String theory gives answers to all problems in the universe. 

That is not even close to the truth. The String theory handles small parts of the entirety. And the thing that supports some kind of superstring’s existence is the cosmic web. The main idea of the String theory is that the internal superstrings or energy channels form a dimension. And the universe is like a bubble in one extremely large superstring. Those strings also form material and everything. And every single particle is a bubble in a superstring. We often forget that the Superstring theory is a repair tool for the Big Bang theory, which should explain where the material and energy came from. 

(InterestingEngineering)

The problem with the Big Bang theory is this: it doesn’t answer one of the most critical questions in physics. Where did that energy that formed the Big Bang come from? The Big Bang theory's basement is in the wave-particle duality, WPD. That means wave movement can turn into particles and particles can turn into wave movement. But without wave movement, there are no particles. So there are many updates in the Big Bang theory. The most modern model is that time itself formed the Big Bang. And the Big Bang was rather the Big Burst than the single Bang. That means in modern models the Big Bang was a series of events that formed the material in the form as we know it. 

That means the Big Bang was some kind of annihilation, but it doesn’t answer where those particles that formed the annihilation came from. One of the suggestions for that question is that there formed a giant black hole that exploded.  That black hole could have formed from wave movement that existed before the Big Bang. Or, another suggestion is that the hypothetical black hole was a remnant of the universe that existed before our universe. The multiverse model explains the space as a dimension where Big Bangs happen all the time. And universes form in the crossing points of other universes' radiation. That radiation pushes particles or wave movement into the points where their gravitational effect starts to form new universes. 

But proving that the model is not a very easy thing. If there is material outside the universe, that material is so cold that we cannot see it. But the multiverse is a logical conclusion that begins from the galaxies, galaxy clusters, and superclusters. The idea is that the universe itself is part of a larger entirety. But then we face another way to answer the problem of where everything came from. That answer is written in a very incomplete Brane theory. The idea is that the dimension or third dimension simply collapsed. That opened the channel from the fourth dimension straight to the second dimension. That energy channel formed the event called the Big Bang. If that model can be true the 3D material cannot close that channel because its energy level is too high. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/ghost-particles-that-could-snap-string-theory

https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/things-know-can-data-large-hadron-collider-snap-string-theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

The gluon and strong nuclear interaction.

 

 (Wikipedia, Color charge)

There is a possibility that dark matter is a particle that has no color charge. Maybe, those particles can form in cases where particles with the same quantum color like green and anti-green impact each other. That thing can also explain dark energy. The particles that have the same quantum color impact with their mirror particle, or particles that have the mirror color or anti-color annihilate. 

So in the case of gluons with green and anti-green impacts, that thing should neutralize their color. That turns those particles colorless. If a particle loses its color it turns invisible. The grey or colorless particle can push quantum fields around it. Same way if the gluon has the same quantum color as the quark that it impacts it causes a repel effect. The idea is that as an example green field surrounds a green quark. And if the green gluon impacts that field it pushes it away from around it. That forms the crater in that field. When the field returns to that crater the impact forms an energy point and pushes the quark forward. If the gluon with blue color charge closes the same field that pulls the field to that thing. 

The gluon has a quantum color like anti-blue and green. That means that the gluon’s color charge is a superposition of color and anti-color. Normally gluons cannot have the quantum colors green and anti-green because those mirror quantum colors neutralize each other. That thing forms the particle that has no color charge. And sometimes it is introduced that dark matter can be a particle with the same quantum charge as green and anti-green. When mirror colors are impacting that means those quantum colors neutralize each other. The neutralization process is quite similar to annihilation where a particle and its antiparticle pair turn into energy. 

***********************************************

"Fields due to color charges of quarks (G is the gluon field strength tensor) in "colorless" combinations.

Top: Color charge has "ternary neutral states" as well as binary neutrality (analogous to electric charge).

Bottom: Quark/antiquark combinatio". (Wikipedia, Color charge)

***********************************************

The gluon can be the particle that has two heads like green and anti-blue. That means there is a possibility that a gluon interacts with its environment in a similar way to surfactants there are hydrophilic and hydrophobic heads. That interaction is on a much smaller scale than the molecule. When gluons' green heads turn to green quarks that thing causes a similar repel effect as electromagnetism. So the quantum color determines whether the gluon can turn into it. 

When we think about the scale that the gluon acts on we can think about the situation where the gluon with an example green quantum color hits the quark with anti-green quantum charge. That can cause “lightning” but the particle can remain. But it loses a little bit of its quantum color charge. 

That causes the idea that maybe there are two more quantum colors. Black and white. So, maybe the mysterious or mythical graviton has the black quantum color. The white is the colorless particle. But if the “black” quantum color exists that means the new natural interaction. So maybe black will be chosen to be the color of the fifth force transporter color. There is one model that can explain the graviton and why we cannot see that thing. The graviton itself would have the colorless quantum color. 

The quantum field goes past the particle. And that forms the quantum shadow into its other side. That colorless particle is very hard to detect in the field. In some other models, the graviton is like the stick; there is two particles connected with each other. They might have very weak quantum colors. When those particles orbit each other that causes a situation where those yet unknown particles bind energy into each other. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_charge

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Hunting the fifth force.

"Physicists are pushing the boundaries of the Standard Model by investigating the possibility of a fifth fundamental force using ultra-precise measurements of calcium atoms. By comparing subtle energy shifts in isotopes, researchers hope to uncover signs of new physics that could help explain the universe’s hidden mass. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Close In on the Fifth Force That Could Unlock the Mystery of Dark Matter)

Researchers search for the fifth force. The fifth force can be the thing that we know as dark energy and dark matter. There are four known interactions or forces in the universe. Those forces are gravity, electromagnetism, and weak and strong nuclear interactions, or, forces. There is a possibility that the fifth force is the opposite of gravity. So that causes a question: can there be material without the fifth force? 

That fifth force can be the mirror-gravitation. Normal gravity has only pulling ability. And that means the fifth force can have only a pushing effect. There is a model that the color charge, or, using other words, we can say quantum colors can have similar interactions with the fifth force. 

The quantum color between gluons in the strong interaction can open the fifth force to us. That means there should be something that causes the repelling effect between quarks. The model goes like this. If we use the weak interaction as a model we can say that there are two gluons between quarks just like there are W and Z boson pairs between protons and neutrons. That gluon pair creates the quantum low pressure between those quarks. When those gluons orbit each other they simply harness energy fields into them. And then they transfer that energy into the quarks around them. That electromagnetic low-pressure can be the quantum gravity, or gravitational quantum dots. And the quantum gravity model goes like this: the gravity forms of the quantum dots and those quantum dots are entirely called gravity centers. The number and density of those quantum dots determine the strength of gravity. 

“Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like electric charge, it determines how quarks and gluons interact through the strong force; however, rather than there being only positive and negative charges, there are three "charges", commonly called red, green, and blue. Additionally, there are three "anti-colors", commonly called anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue. Unlike electric charge, color charge is never observed in nature: in all cases, red, green, and blue (or anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue) or any color and its anti-color combine to form a "color-neutral" system. For example, the three quarks making up any baryon universally have three different color charges, and the two quarks making up any meson universally have opposite color charges.” (Wikipedia, Color charge)

(Wikipedia, Color charge)

"An animation of the interaction inside a neutron. The gluons are represented as circles with the color charge in the center and the anti-color charge on the outside." (Wikipedia, Color charge)

“Quarks have a color charge of red, green, or blue and antiquarks have a color charge of antired, antigreen, or antiblue. Gluons have a combination of two color charges (one of red, green, or blue and one of antired, antigreen, or antiblue) in a superposition of states that are given by the Gell-Mann matrices. “ (Wikipedia, Color charge)

When a quark takes enough energy it releases that energy as wave movement. That means the fifth force is the force that destroys the atoms. There is a possibility that somewhere is a force that interacts directly between quarks without gluons. Or there is also the possibility that quarks can repel gluons. And what happens if quarks push gluons away from their position? 

Can quantum color hide the fifth force? In quantum chromodynamics, CQD quarks and gluons have a so-called quantum color. Gluons can have one of three quantum colors blue, red, and green. Anti-quarks have opposite quantum colors anti-blue, anti-green, and anti-red. The strong interaction is the interaction between quarks and gluons. The gluon is the boson that connects the quarks together. And transmits the strong nuclear force. The gluon’s color charge is a little bit different from the quark’s color charge. 

The gluon’s color charge is a superposition of the quantum color and anti-color. The green and anti-green for example cannot form gluons, or they cannot exist in the same gluon.. So gluon has two heads, for example, blue and anti-green. So the quark is blue-antigreen. As you see in the diagram below. When we see that the blue quark emits the blue-antigreen gluon we can ask if the fifth force release happens in that process. 

This is why the strong nuclear interaction is also known as the color force. That color is similar to the electromagnetism in electrons. That means the quantum color is one thing that keeps quarks in their entirety called hadrons. In traditional models, the atom’s core and electron shell interactions are described as a whole. There is a possibility that the neutron’s interaction with electrons is different from that of protons. That means a neutron sends some kind of energy impulse to the electron and pushes it away. That means some of those quantum colors can interact with electrons. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-close-in-on-the-fifth-force-that-could-unlock-the-mystery-of-dark-matter/

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/particle-physics/content-section-6.2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_charge

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_force

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_matrices

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

Tachyons, the hypothetical faster-than-light particles, are still under research.

If tachyon exists it can send information to the past. 

New tachyon research aims to determine if tachyons exist. And another thing is can tachyons exist in our 3D universe? The model of tachyons is that those particles are 4 or even more dimensions. That makes it impossible to see them from the 3D universe. So tachyons can exist only in higher dimensions or in energy levels where particles cannot exchange information with 3D particles. 

The only place where tachyon can exist in the form we can see is the black hole. There is a possibility that tachyons exist behind the event horizon. If tachyons exist in the black hole, that hypothetical particle can cause the black hole’s evaporation. 

And, if tachyons form in a black hole when ultimate gravity and energy press particles like electrons and photons. And those particles could escape from black holes. The tachyon can also explain dark energy. When this hypothetical particle comes to the third dimension it releases energy. That can explain why nobody has seen that particle yet. The tachyon that falls to the 3rd dimension can turn immediately into photons or some other particles like Higgs bosons. 

The problem with tachyon measurements is this. Those particles can: 

A) Turn into photons

B) They can form photons if they come out from higher dimensions. 

So if tachyon is a particle that exists in higher dimensions its energy level will be so high that it jumps out from the 3D universe. And if tachyon falls to the 3D universe. That means it sends an energy impact around it. In that model, the tachyon forms a photon by sending a shockwave into the space around it. That model means that a photon is the shockwave in the base energy- or base quantum field in the third dimension. The image of a photon can support that model, because the photon has a hole that the ring- or donut-shaped quantum field surrounds. That ring-shaped structure is similar to when somebody throws a stone in the water. 

And tachyon can form that kind of energy field, if it falls from the 4th dimension. And releases energy into its environment. If researchers someday can exchange data or wave movement with tachyons that bring unlimited power sources in their hands. 

But that requires. That the tachyons can exist. And another thing is that those particles should exist as tachyons in the 3D universe as long as they can release their energy to the receiver. Or they must interact with 3D particles in some other way. The superposition and entanglement with 3D particles bring a lot of energy into our universe. The main problem is that tachyon is the dominating part in that process. The system cannot control tachyons that is in the 4th dimension. 

So the system must adjust the receiving particle so that the dominating particle causes resonance in it. And then starts to send data to that particle. The thing is similar to finding channels on the radio without knowing any radio frequency. The system must adjust the spin and energy level of the particle and hope that it finds a frequency that is the same as some tachyon. 

The problem with superposition and entanglement with 3D particles is that they must reach so high energy levels that they can force tachyons to oscillate and resonate. Then those particles must start to pump information into them. 

There are tests where the particle will be driven as close to the speed of light as possible. Then that particle can be put to spin. There is a hope that the energy that a spinning particle pulls from its environment. 

That can pull tachyons into the third dimension. When the energy level of the spinning particle decreases it should pull tachyon to the 3D universe. Theoretical tachyon engine just pulls tachyons from their tachyonic space. And that opens the channel where other tachyons can arrive in the 3D universe.  When tachyons come to our universe that particle releases its extra energy. The engine uses that energy to create energy. If, a particle can make a superposition with tachyons that brings energy into the universe. If that thing is possible, that is the biggest revolution in history. 

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/new-tachyon-study-could-unlock-the-secrets-of-time-travel-and-reality/ss-AA1HBksF

https://phys.org/news/2024-07-physicists-tachyons-special-theory.html

https://scitechdaily.com/faster-than-a-speeding-photon-how-tachyons-challenge-modern-physics/

https://thedebrief.org/bizarre-tachyons-that-may-be-able-to-send-data-back-in-time-could-be-reconciled-with-special-relativity/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon