How does the coldest spot on the sun warms its million-degree corona?

The corona is the hottest point of the sun. The temperature of that area is about million of degrees of celsius. And this extremely high-temperature forms when the protuberances, flares, and radiation interacts with gas that forms a corona. The fact is that the corona is not gas in the form of gas in Earth's atmosphere.

The pressure of the corona is not very high. The plasma that forms the corona can orbit the sun at a very high speed. Plasma follows the Sun's magnetic field's power lines. And that thing causes friction because Sun's south pole pulls ions to it. The anions or negative ions travel to the north or positive pole of the sun. The interaction in that plasma flow is quite complicated. There are plasma pikes like flares that cause more whirling in plasma around the sun.

The material that forms the corona is ionized gas or plasma. Radiation that comes from the sun shoots electrons out from the gas-atoms orbitals. That thing makes the plasma interact with magnetic fields. When the sun sends the protuberances and flares, that thing causes a situation where the plasma that surrounds the sun forming starts to whirl. Those whirls are increasing the temperature of that gas.

And friction along with EM-radiation and impacting plasma rise the corona's temperature. There is also the possibility that some kind of fusion reaction can happen in the corona. When the other pole of the sun sends opposite polar ions that orbit the sun that causes a situation where those ions and anions are impacting. That thing can increase energy level.

So there are multiple reasons why the corona is so hot. And the reason why researchers are interested in this phenomenon is that these kinds of reactions can use as models for self-sustaining fusion reactions. Knowledge about mechanisms that can turn the very low-energy object to increase the energy level of other targets can make fully working commercial fusion systems possible.

https://scitechdaily.com/solar-paradox-how-the-suns-coldest-sunspot-umbra-powers-its-million-degree-corona/?expand_article=1

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