Ten years after the Higgs Boson: there are no new particles found.

 Ten years after the Higgs Boson: there are no new particles found. 

In 2012 researchers celebrated that they found Higgs Boson. And after that, there have been ten years without new particles. The Higgs Boson was a boson as calculated, but the problem is that the boson is too light. Otherwise, it matched calculations. And that thing was the scientific sensation. There was one small detail that researchers passed. 

That detail was that in calculations, Higgs Boson required an asteroid-belt-sized mega-accelerator for coming out. That too-light Higgs Boson caused a theory, that maybe the Higgs Boson is still not found. And researchers found some other non-predicted particles that they named Higgs Boson. 

The behavior of the Higgs Boson tells that there could be one or two particles in that boson. Another interesting thing is that there is no force that Higgs boson seems to carry. All other bosons are force carriers. So where is the force, that Higgs Boson should carry? 

Another reason for the problem that Higgs Boson seems to be too light could be that its energy level is so high, and energy flows so fast forming small quantum vacuum or virtual particles around it that it loses its mass faster than predicted. In some other models Higgs Boson hovers in the energy field. And that makes it seem lighter than it should be. When Higgs Boson divides it forms W and Z bosons. That thing tells that the quantum field around that boson travels outside, forming whirls. Some of those whirls are W and Z bosons which are weak nuclear force transportators. So is the original Higgs particle still unseen? 

The next mission of the CERN is to search supersymmetric, high-energy elementary particles. Those researchers hope that they can uncover the secrecy of dark matter. But that thing seems more complicated than nobody expected. Supersymmetric particles are very high-energy versions of well-known particles. The supersymmetric version of quarks is squark. And, supersymmetric version of neutrino is neutralino. But nobody found those particles yet. Theoretical sfermions are supersymmetrical high-energy versions of fermions. The rise of energy level to high enough will turn fermion to sfermion. 

There are four billion collimations for finding a particle called Higgs Boson, we must realize that finding things like WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles).  And the other, possible supersymmetric particles. The form of WIMP could be that it will somehow tunnel itself through other particles. And that tunneling effect makes it impossible to see those particles. But it's not sure that is a WIMP supersymmetric particle. 

https://home.cern/science/physics/supersymmetry

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutralino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Do neutron stars have quark cores?

   Do neutron stars have quark cores? 

"New theoretical analysis places the likelihood of massive neutron stars hiding cores of deconfined quark matter between 80 and 90 percent. The result was reached through massive supercomputer runs utilizing Bayesian statistical inference." (ScitechDaily.com/Neutron Stars’ Inner Mysteries: A Glimpse Into Quark-Matter Cores)

Neutron star's inner cores might involve quark cores. That means there could be also quark stars in the universe. Theoretical models made at the University of Helsinki support the possibility that heavy neutron stars are quark cores. That thing opens a very interesting vision for gravitation and star research. In theoretical models, Magnetars are very light neutron stars. Which shell rotates very fast around its structure. That forms a very strong magnetic field. 

In heavy neutron stars. Gravity locks structure into its entirety. And that makes those heavy neutron stars' magnetic fields weaker but their gravity fields are stronger. That means gravity seems acting like some kind of membrane or strings. That travels between or through neutrons. And that locks the structure into one piece. 

"Artist’s impression of the different layers inside a massive neutron star, with the red circle representing a sizable quark-matter core. Credit: Jyrki Hokkanen, CSC" (ScitechDaily.com/Neutron Stars’ Inner Mysteries: A Glimpse Into Quark-Matter Cores)

Hypothetical quark star: an object intermediate. Between neutron stars and black holes.

We can think that the quark star is an object intermediate between neutron stars and black holes. Nobody has seen that thin yet, so it's a theoretical object. 

The mass of neutron stars determines their quark core's size. And in light neutron stars might not be quark core. Then there would be no quark core or a very small quark core in magnetars. But the part of the pure quark structure in neutron stars rises when their mass rises. And when a collapsing star's mass is high enough all neutrons turn into quarks and form a quark star. 

But then we can continue this thinking game. The idea is that the model can also be in white dwarfs and black holes. So in a very heavy white dwarfs could be neutron stars inside them. In a very heavy quark stars could be back holes in the free quark structure. 

The quark star forms when a neutron star turns too heavy that neutrons can keep their shells. The extreme gravity along with neutron radiation, strips those quantum fields away from the neutrons. That uncovers quarks. And the quark stars would be much denser than neutron stars. Those quarks send their radiation in the wavelength that is the same as the quark's dimension. And that thing could make the quark star almost invisible. 

The quark structure would be far stronger than the neutron structure. That means inside the heaviest quark structures can form a black hole or area where even light cannot escape. And in that model is possible. That those quarks form a symmetrical quark net around that black hole. That quark net could keep that structure in its form. 

In some models, there is the possibility that also gluons can form structures that are similar to quarks. Those gluon stars are hypothetical things, and they are very close to black holes. In some models when a hypothetical quark star massive gravity pushes those quarks so close to each other. That they will push gluons out from that structure. In that model, the quark stars are the only things between black holes and neutron stars. 

Is there gluon stars?

If a quark star exists, is it possible that gluon stars also exist? Gluon is not fermion. But it's a near possible limit that massive gravity and radiation pressure in a supernova form black hole there is a network of gluons near its event horizon. Gluons are gauge bosons. But a black hole's strong gravity and energy load locks those gluons into position making them interact like quarks that are fermions. 

In some other models intensive pressure and heat in high-mass quark stars can form structures where is only quark-gluon or gluon plasma. That kind of structure is a hypothetical thing. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/calculations-point-to-massive-quark-stars/

https://scitechdaily.com/neutron-stars-inner-mysteries-a-glimpse-into-quark-matter-cores/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_star

Complicated dynamics of dwarf galaxies.

    Complicated dynamics of dwarf galaxies. 

New research suggests that most dwarf galaxies are destroyed when they enter spiral galaxies super hot halo. The galactic halo is similar to the corona around the sun and other stars. But gas is much thinner than in corona. The particle's speed is also much higher than in the corona. In that halo the particle's speed is so high that they from electromagnetic shockwave when they enter to dwarf galaxies gas and hit particles in that small galaxy. 

The shockwave, along with the giant galaxy's gravity rips the dwarf galaxy in pieces. And gravity pulls gas and dust away from those dwarf galaxies. But sometimes dwarf galaxies can keep their form when they enter galaxies like the Milky Way halo. That thing requires that gravity can win those electromagnetic shockwaves and keep dwarf galaxies in their form. In modern models inside the dwarf galaxies is also a black hole, the material center that keeps them in form. In models at least flat or spiral-shaped dwarf galaxies "dwarf milky ways" should involve material center that is like Sagittarius A, but far smaller. 

In some models, the supermassive black hole in the middle of the Milky Way and other large spiral galaxies can form wormholes to that dwarf galaxy's black hole. And then energy will travel to that point. And it may affect the power of the relativistic jet that leaves that smaller black hole. Relativistic jet will ionize material around it and the same time raise the material's energy level around it. That energy rips the galaxy into pieces if gravity cannot keep it in form.

"A new study based on Gaia satellite data reveals that dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way are likely transient and not as dark matter-rich as previously thought. Their recent entry into the Galactic halo and rapid loss of gas challenges existing beliefs about their stability and composition." (ScitechDaily.com/Redefining Cosmic Norms: Dwarf Galaxies and the Dark Matter Enigma)

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"Video from a simulation of the transformation of a gas-rich and rotation-dominated galaxy into a spherical dwarf galaxy after it first enters the Milky Way halo. Here an analogue of the Sculptor dwarf galaxy is shown, with the gas represented in blue and stars in orange". 

"The gas is stripped when the dwarf is closest to the Milky Way (distance shown in the upper right corner), resulting in a rapid expansion of the stars. The model thus predicts a large envelope of distant stars around the remnant of the dwarf galaxy. However, fading to the depth of optical observations illustrates that this envelope of stars is too faint to be easily detected. Credit: Jianling Wang, François Hammer" (ScitechDaily.com/Redefining Cosmic Norms: Dwarf Galaxies and the Dark Matter Enigma)

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Dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way. Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC

When we think of the model where a flat galaxy turns to a spherical (commonly elliptic) galaxy, we must first realize that in flat galaxy should be some kind of mass center. The energy rise or some kind of vaporization of the black hole turns galaxy spherical. The difference between star clusters and galaxies is sometimes determined that in star clusters is no star formation. 

Stars are forming in dwarf galaxies. So maybe the gravity of the Milky Way class galaxy strips gas and dust away from the dwarf galaxy stopping the star formation and turning it into a spherical star cluster. In this time difference between spherical star clusters and spherical galaxies is this. In spherical galaxies, star formation continues. And in star clusters are no new stars. 

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This means the dwarf galaxy turns into a globular star cluster. "The origin of globular clusters and their role in galactic evolution are unclear. Some are among the oldest objects in their galaxies and even the universe, constraining estimates of the universe's age. "

"Star clusters were formerly thought to consist of stars that all formed at the same time from one star-forming nebula, but nearly all globular clusters contain stars that formed at different times, or that have differing compositions. Some clusters may have had multiple episodes of star formation, and some may be remnants of smaller galaxies captured by larger galaxies". (Wikipedia/Globular cluster)

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But it's possible. That straight energy rise in a black hole's material disk can make the same thing. And in that model, there is no need for the wormhole. Dwarf galaxies have also their halo. When it enters the spiral galaxy's halo those halos start the interaction. In that interaction, energy starts to travel from the giant spiral galaxy's halo to a smaller and colder halo. 

That halo or gas ball in a dwarf galaxy transports energy to the dwarf galaxy's black hole's transition disk. That raises that material disk temperature, and that energy pushes particles away. 

The dwarf galaxies can also uncover the mystery of dark matter. If there is lots of dark matter in some dwarf galaxies that thing explains why Milky Way and other larger spiral galaxies don't rip them in pieces. But as I wrote as a headline, the interaction of dwarf galaxies is complicated. 

https://universe.nasa.gov/galaxies/types/

https://scitechdaily.com/redefining-cosmic-norms-dwarf-galaxies-and-the-dark-matter-enigma/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globular_cluster

Harvard introduces the first logical quantum processor.

    Harvard introduces the first logical quantum processor.

Harvard introduced the first logical quantum processor. The logical quantum processor has a 48-state qubit data channel, algorithm-based error correction, and multiple logical gates. Those systems make the new logical quantum processors able to handle operations more effectively and easier than previous quantum systems. 

That kind of system their correction and many other things integrated into the quantum processor make portable quantum computers possible. Quantum computers require something that packs information into the qubit. Photonic computers are the thing that can pack information into qubits. The information is input to quantum computers or quantum processors through photonic computers. 

The photonic computer dumps information into trapped photons or electrons. Another way is to use thermal transistors where the electric field's position makes it possible to determine how many or which data routes the input system uses. 

The qubit can be an electron or photon that hovers in the frame in the middle of the processor or if the system uses multiple electrons or photons to make a qubit the system can anchor them into the graphene network. But for working perfectly the photonic computer requires extremely highly accurate optical area data transmission. 

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"Harvard researchers have achieved a significant milestone in quantum computing by developing a programmable logical quantum processor capable of encoding 48 logical qubits and performing hundreds of logical gate operations. This advancement, hailed as a potential turning point in the field, is the first demonstration of large-scale algorithm execution on an error-corrected quantum computer." (ScitechDaily.com/Harvard Unveils World’s First Logical Quantum Processor)

"A collaborative international effort has led to the creation of the first mid-infrared supermirrors with exceptional reflectivity, as reported in Nature Communications. This innovation is expected to significantly enhance environmental gas sensing and industrial processes, marking a major leap in mirror technology. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily.com/The Pursuit of Perfection: Ultimate Mid-Infrared Mirror Achieves 99.99923% Reflectivity)

"UCLA researchers have unveiled a novel solid-state thermal transistor that effectively controls semiconductor heat movement using an electric field, marking a significant advancement in computer chip heat management and potential applications in understanding human body heat regulation. Illustration of a UCLA-developed solid-state thermal transistor using an electric field to control heat movement. Credit: H-Lab/UCLA" (ScitechDaily.com/A New Era in Heat Management: UCLA Unveils Revolutionary Solid-State Thermal Transistor)

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The new ultimate mid-infrared mirror reflects 99.99923% of radiation. 

The new mid-infrared mirror is the pathfinder in the new infrared technology, like IR-telescopes, Infrared lasers, and infrared data transmission. Also, IR light amplifiers can use this technology. The high reflecting percentage makes the mirror less vulnerable to damages that the light absorption can cause. When a mirror absorbs light the radiation energy stores in it.

And that raises the temperature in the mirror. That thing causes damage because the mirror expands. These highly reflecting mirrors can someday protect jet fighters against mid-infrared laser systems. The 99.99923% reflection is very much and in the future jet fighters can have the mosaic structure that turns this kind of miniature mirror outside. And that reflects the IR-laser rays from their structures. 

Another thing that this kind of mirror is suitable for is photonic computers. In photonic computers laser rays or photons replaced electric wires. The highly reflecting mirrors keep the temperature low in those systems. Another purpose of those mirrors is that high reflection will not disturb information. 

The photonic computers and thermal transistors are tools, that require mid-IR mirors to turn information route. The photonic computer can pack information in the form of a qubit easier than an electric computer. The photonic computer takes a photon or electron in the frame and transports information in it in the form of photons. 

The newest thermal transistors control semiconductor's heat using a magnetic field. That system can turn the electricity route to another wire. But those systems can also adjust the qubits. In those systems, the thermal transistor connects data to as many wires as the qubit needs. But those systems are far away in the future. Or at least in the future. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-new-era-in-heat-management-ucla-unveils-revolutionary-solid-state-thermal-transistor/

https://scitechdaily.com/harvard-unveils-worlds-first-logical-quantum-processor/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-pursuit-of-perfection-ultimate-mid-infrared-mirror-achieves-99-99923-reflectivity/

E=mc^2 and M=E/c^2 become reality.

    E=mc^2 and M=E/c^2 become reality. 

Japanese researchers collide photons to make material. In modern physics, researchers believe. That material is only density in wave movement. Material forms when two quantum fields or wave movements cross and form a quantum whirl in the wave movement. If that whirl is tight enough quantum fields from the outside press it into the form of quarks or gluons. The energy level of those fields determines what particle that impact forms. 

In E=mc^2 

E=Energy

m=mass

c^2=speed of light potency 2

The formula that calculates the energy required to make material goes like this

m=E/c^2

We think that the energy that material releases when it turns into energy is calculated with the formula E=mc^2. The formation of material from energy will calculated using the mirror formula. So M=E/c^2. The requirement is that the energy level is divided by c^2. That kind of thing means that in that process is not needed much energy. 

The thing is that we know that photons can form quarks. Quarks are one of the smallest parts of the material. That means researchers should have the ability to create more complicated structures like atoms from light. And maybe that thing called the "Schwinger effect" opens the mysteries of dark matter. The ability to create material from light also makes it possible to create so-called sterile atoms. Those atoms can used in quantum computers. 

Gravity could be the movement of quantum fields. In this text term quantum fields is used as a common term that means at the same time all four fundamental interactions. Those four interactions are gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force or interactions. 

"Osaka University researchers have simulated photon-photon collisions with lasers, potentially paving the way for generating matter from light in labs. This quantum physics advancement holds promise for understanding the universe’s composition and discovering new physics. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily.com/ E=mc² Comes Alive: Simulating Matter Creation From Laser Light)

And that thing helps to explain what is gravity. The idea is this: when a particle gets in the electromagnetic field, its spin increases. If energy pumping continues particle turns to form that is like twisted paper. Then if the outside quantum field cannot fill it that structure acts like an antenna, that sends the quantum field in another direction. 

That makes particles act like some kind of thermal pump. When that particle transports quantum fields to some direction, the outside quantum field falls to it. How fast the particle transports energy or quantum fields from that point determines how powerful that pulling effect is. 

The fact is this. Energy always travels from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. That thing means things like energy are relative. The difference between energy levels determines how fast energy flow between systems is. If the energy flow is high enough it forms low pressure or even a vacuum around the object. 

That thing rips objects in pieces. The thing that denies the black hole formation is the asymmetry in energy or the bubble rips in pieces. But if there happens effect that quantum fields cannot go out from the bubble or come out from one direction. That makes the situation that the quantum field starts to press energy to that object. That increases the spinning speed of that tornado. And then, that thing starts to pull quantum fields from larger and larger areas. 

Sometimes that field loses contact with that gravitational tornado and in that moment tornado gets a quantum field inside it. The filling of that gravitational tornado decreases the energy difference between its internal and outer structures. That causes gravitational waves and whenever a black hole sends gravitational waves, it loses a little bit of its mass. 

https://scitechdaily.com/emc2-comes-alive-simulating-matter-creation-from-laser-light/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger_effect

The retrocausality: principle for time traveling.

    The retrocausality: principle for time traveling. 

"Retrocausality, or backwards causation, is a concept of cause and effect in which an effect precedes its cause in time and so a later event affects an earlier one. In quantum physics, the distinction between cause and effect is not made at the most fundamental level and so time-symmetric systems can be viewed as causal or retrocausal. Philosophical considerations of time travel often address the same issues as retrocausality, as do treatments of the subject in fiction, but the two phenomena are distinct." (Wikipedia/Retrocausality)

Retrocausality means that an event can affect the past. If we think that in regular causality information travels from the past to the future because the universe expands, and the lower energy universe in the future pulls information to it. That means the energy level in the future universe is lower than now and past, but we cannot notice that difference. The absolute zero point or 0-kelvin degrees is always important. 

The absolute zero point is the static point. And all other temperatures are compared with it. So if we think that the absolute zero point is like a chair, and the universe is the room. When we decrease the energy level or that room's altitude the absolute zero point also decreases. 

Measure that kind of thing. Requires that we step out from the quantum system. And then, we must find a stable point or minimum energy level in that new system. In that model universe is only part of a bigger system. We must find a stable point to compare the differences in energy levels around it. The problem is that is, if we are in the middle of a quantum system decreasing the energy level decreases also the minimum energy level in the system. So changes in energy level are always changes because we measure differences in that system. 

And that means the hot is a relative thing. Boiling liquid nitrogen is cold for us. But it's hot in its environment, where temperature is always near zero kelvin. And if we are inside the system the energy minimum or static point will decrease when the system expands. And that is why the absolute zero point in the universe is always 0 kelvin. And because we are in a system that is not coming energy from outside and a system called the universe expands, we cannot see differences in energy levels. 

Above is M.C. Escher's impossible triangle. That thing can symbolize a system. That can transmit information from the future to the past. The problem is that the system uses quantum entanglement to transport information. And if the system creates quantum entanglement between points (A) and (B). 

The point (A) is in the past and the point (B) is in future. Then it raises the energy level of point (B) in the future so high that information travels backward in time there is the point where point (B) reaches the same energy level as point A. That thing breaks quantum entanglement. To avoid that the system must transfer the entanglement to the third point. 

Triangular model about retrocausality. 

We can think that information flows from the past to the future by following tangent (AB). Information flows from point (A) in the past to point (B) in the future. Is simple to raise the energy level of point (B) to level (C) which turns quantum entanglement to the opposite. The problem is that when the energy level in point (B) rises to a higher level than point (A) it must travel through an energy point that is the same as point (A). 

When quantum entanglement turns in a balanced position where both sides of the quantum entanglement are at the same energy level, that breaks the entanglement. That makes it impossible to create quantum entanglement that affects the future to the past. The system cannot raise the (B) point energy level straight. But its possible that system can make that thing if researchers use two quantum entanglements. In that model, the quantum entanglement is made oppositely from the past to the future. 

So the information will travel through tangent (AB) from the past to the future. And then in the future, the researchers create another entanglement (CD) where information travels from the past to the future. Another way is to make the third point (E) to the side of the point (B). Then the system must transfer the quantum entanglement to the point (E) and form a tangent (AE). Then the system raises the point (B) energy level and then it transfers the oscillation or entanglement from point (E) to point (B). The system separates that entanglement between points (A) and (B) for a while, so that it can raise (B) point energy level without breaking quantum entanglement. 

Energy and information always travel to lower energy levels. That means we can create a time machine or make quantum entanglement interact with the future. The problem with retrocausality is how to make quantum entanglement acting to the past. The past is at a higher energy level. And that means the quantum entanglement should create the point to the future, that is at a higher energy level than its other side in the past. This thing is the problem with retrocausality. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrocausality

The artificial black holes. And their abilities.

    The artificial black holes. And their abilities. 

Was the Philadelphia experiment some kind of thought experiment? What happens if some ship or aircraft forms a black hole? There have been many writings about the Philadelphia experiment. In some rumors Albert Einstein made that test. But is that test the thought experiment? 

In original descriptions, one or two sailors were injured because they fell to bulb lights. And that causes an idea that maybe the destroyer USS Eldridge tested some kind of new fire control calculators, some kind of electric-arc-based weapon systems. Or maybe the test used to collect data for some primitive ECM systems. 

It is possible. The experiment tested so-called decoys. The holograms or projections that should used to create fake targets into the fog.  In the original version, the destroyer that participated in the test was in anchor all the time. 

 Or maybe, the high-power electromagnetic field acted as carrier waves and caused illusions. Or made some people's nervous systems receive the EEG signals from other people's nervous systems. It's possible. That the electric field will refresh old memories or act like electric shock therapy. 

But maybe we cannot ever get an answer for that test and mystery. It's possible. That the USS Eldridge was not the destroyer where the Navy made that test. 

USS Eldridge (DE-173), c. 1944 (Wikipedia/Philadelphia Experiment)

Or maybe that thing was some kind of thought experiment. 

It's possible. that the Philadephia experiment was some kind of thinking game.  In this theoretical research, top men of physics created a model of how to make objects that can be unseen in radar, infrared, and even by the human eye. The simplest answer would be to make an artificial black hole in some ship or aircraft. In that system, the system takes electrons into some kind of frame. 

And then, that frame will pull energy to that electron. And sooner or later the electron will turn to the black hole. In that model, the artificial black hole causes time dilation in the ship. And another thing is that an artificial black hole pulls all energy through the ship's hull. There is the possibility that time will stop on that ship. That means it could sail around the seas, and nobody sees a thing. 

In that movie, the destroyer would form the wormhole to the future. And this thing follows the principles of indefinate causal order or ICO. The destroyer's engines would make the energy hill to the wormhole. And that thing makes the causality act like this (AB) ( Energy Hill (USS Eldridge) (BA). That thing is very interesting. In ICO the energy hill cuts the causality (AB) (Hill) (BA) that at the side the causal order is (AB). 

But on another side of the hill same effect happens in order (BA).  But if we make the information or energy travel to the energy hill that thing makes the events happen like this (AB) (Hill (Energy that comes from above)Hill) (BA). So in this system (AB) and (BA) happen at the same time. The reason for that is that the energy must be transported straight to the top of the hill. And if we want to send it through the hillside information that comes down the hillside denies that thing. 

Its possible to store information into the energy hill. And then turn that hill in another direction. That makes it possible to make information travel like this (AB)>(Energy hill)>Information stored in the energy hill. Then Energy Hill turns around and releases information in another direction. That makes information stay in order (AB). 

But it's possible to make an energy hill that affects both sides of it like this. (AB)(Energy(Information) hill)(AB). That requires that information be stored on the top of the hill when it's forming. That makes it possible to release events onto both sides of the hill. 

https://scitechdaily.com/breaking-causality-the-revolutionary-power-of-quantum-batteries/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Experiment