Solar power in rockets.

"NASA is developing solar sail technology for deep space exploration. This innovative propulsion system, powered by sunlight reflecting off its surface, has recently achieved a new readiness level, making it suitable for future science missions. Solar sails offer a fuel-free, environmentally friendly method of propulsion, capable of propelling low-mass missions to novel orbits and distant planets. Credit: NASA" (ScitechDaily, Harnessing Helios: The Science Behind NASA’s Solar Sail Breakthrough)

In traditional form solar sails get their movement energy from the sun. The solar wind pushes that thing into the interplanetary journey. The solar wind is an effective thruster. However, its use is limited in the internal solar system, inside the asteroid belt. 

But some active components may make those things more effective than they were. There are models where there are small gas pockets or gas tanks in the solar sail. And when solar energy hits the craft, it boils that gas.  

There are also plans for the solar rocket engines. Those engine systems use liquid hydrogen as a propellant. 

In those systems, the large parabolic mirror makes that propellant boil and expands it. The parabolic mirror drives sunlight in that propulsion system. 

There could be a thermal element like carbon fiber or ceramic point, and the sunlight haets that element. When the system drives hydrogen into that point the heat expands it and forms the thrust. In some other versions, the system conducts solar panel energy to the thermal element. And that expands the hydrogen. Solar power also can used in ion motors. The ion accelerators can get their electricity from solar panels. 

The solar sail can pull nuclear or antimatter rockets to the edge of the asteroid belt. 

Solar sails are multi-use systems. The large surface of those sails can also act as a radar antenna. And they can use solar power to accelerate the craft into the journey. It's possible. Solar sails can covered with some other elements like plutonium or methane ice, and then laser rays will start to vaporize that material. Also, things like ion cannons can benefit the acceleration process. If solar sails use hybrid technology, that thing is more interesting than just sailing. 

In some visions, there would be giant lasers in our solar system. There those laser systems accelerate the solar sails when they are too far from the sun. That allows them to transport space probes to the Kuiper belt. 

NASAs breakthrough in solar sail technology is interesting because solar sails are cheap to make. They don't need internal fuel. The solar wind or particle flow from the sun accelerates solar sails. There is the possibility that solar sails can pull small nuclear or antimatter rockets to the edge of the asteroid belt. And then those rockets can continue their journey to the gas giants and the Kuiper belt. 

The antimatter engine can produce an antimatter load from the solar wind. And that is one of the things, that makes solar sails interesting. In those cases, the solar sail will travel near the sun first. After that, the solar sail will open, and the particle load from the sun will accelerate to journey. 

https://scitechdaily.com/harnessing-helios-the-science-behind-nasas-solar-sail-breakthrough/

The new shapes and new materials are revolution in aerospace technology.

"NASA’s X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft is dramatically lit for a “glamour shot,” captured before its January 12, 2024, rollout at Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works facility in Palmdale where the airplane was constructed. Credit: Lockheed Martin / Michael Jackson" (ScitechDaily, NASA X-59 Experimental Aircraft’s Quiet Revolution in Supersonic Flight)

The X-59 Qesst (Quiet SuperSonic Technology) means a new shape for supersonic and hypersonic aviation. This type of system is extremely streamlined. And that makes it very thin and gentle pressure waves. Those pressure waves travel as long as possible before they hit to ground. And that means those pressure waves can deliver as much energy as possible before they reach the ground. 

That technology is useful in both, super- and hypersonic bodies. The silent supersonic and hypersonic systems can revolutionize things like civil and military aviation, and if those turbines use hydrogen, they will not cause emissions. The same thing that makes those next-generation systems quiet makes them hard to detect. 

The new materials decrease the aircraft's weight and radar signatures. 

New materials like nano-printed titanium have also revolutionized aviation. That new material is 50% stronger than aerospace titanium. The nano-titanium has better thermal abilities than regular, or homogenous titanium. It's possible that in that structure there are things like fullerene or some very cold particles that pull thermal energy in out from the main structure. 

In some models, engineers can put things like electronegative particles like protons (hydrogen ions) in that structure. The idea is that when radio waves hit to outer shell, that electronegative structure pulls those radiowaves inside this material structure. Engineers can cover the outer shell of aircraft with very thin structures like nanonet which is a very lightweight composite metal-graphene combination. It's possible that in that structure are small nano-balls that roll when the aircraft moves through the air. 

"PhD candidate Jordan Noronha holding a sample of the new titanium lattice structure 3D printed in cube form. Credit: RMIT" (ScitechDaily, Supernatural Strength: 3D Printed Titanium Structure Is 50% Stronger Than Aerospace Alloy)

The new metamaterials are the tools that make incredible things. The difference between those new metamaterials and traditional materials is that metamaterials or nanotechnical materials are created atom by atom. The chimeric materials  EM. radiation can jump into the structure that pulls it into itself. 

If an aircraft can transport thermal energy out from its body.  That will make the revolution for hypersonic technology. The biggest problem in high-speed flight is friction. This aircraft must remove this temperature or its structures will melt. 

The simplest way to transport heat out from the aircraft's body that decreases its temperature is to make ram-air travel between layers. That air will decrease the aircraft's temperature. But things like active thermal pumps can also make it possible to reach a speed, that is higher than before. 

That kind of material must deliver that stored energy somewhere. So, there can be some kind of thermal pump that transfers energy out of the structure. That thermal pump can be the laser ray or some kind of ion beam that travels in the plane. This thing should make radiation travel in one direction in the aircraft's body. 

That makes the aircraft more resistant to thermal effects. If an aircraft can remove the thermal effect from its body, that allows it to increase its speed. And that will be a breakthrough in the hypersonic technology. 

https://www.nasa.gov/mission/quesst/

https://scitechdaily.com/supernatural-strength-3d-printed-titanium-structure-is-50-stronger-than-aerospace-alloy/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-x-59-experimental-aircrafts-quiet-revolution-in-supersonic-flight/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-59_Quesst

When did entropy start?

"An ordered, stable system of particles represents a low-entropy state, whereas a more randomized, energetic system of those same particles is a higher entropy state. Even though the entropy of nearly all systems always increases, that doesn't mean that the entropy of the Universe was initially zero, or even close to it." (BigThink, Did the Universe have zero entropy when it first began?) The lack of entropy makes the particle's movement in the system is harmonic. That means there are no pockets where the system can deliver its energy. 

Many researchers think that there was no entropy at the universe's beginning. That means all material and energy were in nice order, and that thing means that. There was no disorder or uncertainty in the system. At that point, we must realize that the scale in the system is the thing that we use to compare the scale of the entropy. That means the entropy can be large-scale in small systems and small-scale in large systems. When we think about the image that I took from BigThink.com, we can say that at the beginning the universe was in nice order when we look at it in the microscale. 

The thing. What makes entropy interesting is that homogenous systems where there is no internal entropy are more sensitive to outside effects than non-homogenous systems. The reason why glass is broken more easily than steel is that glass is a homogenous material. When something hits the glass, the pressure or energy starts to travel in it. And when one of the silicone atoms in the glass starts to oscillate.  

It transforms that oscillation into other silicone atoms. That causes a harmonic reaction, which pushes atoms away from each other and breaks chemical bonds. In steel, there are pockets where energy moves. When something hits steel. Iron transfers that movement into carbon. The lack of harmonic motion makes steel more tenacious than pure iron. 

And the thing that causes entropy is energy that falls between particles. There is more energy in pure iron. That falls between particles than in steel. In homogenous systems, the entirety pulls more energy in layers than in heterogeneous systems.  That energy causes more disorder between elements in homogenous structures. 

In that model the universe was in nice little layers there everything was homogenous. But in the macro scale, there was entropy. That means the universe had zero entropy when somebody looks at it vertically or from outside. But if somebody cuts the universe in two parts there is an onion-shaped structure. And a large scale there is uncertainty. That means entropy or uncertainty in the system can be numerically small, but its size can be dominant. 

The layers were entropic to each other. That means the different layers pushed each other away. Or vacuum at the outside of the structure pulled the upper layers away from the inner layers. And because the number of particles was not unlimited. There formed holes between particles. 

That caused their quantum fields to jump outwards forming the small standing waves or "quantum electric arcs". Those particles pushed against each other. And then there formed holes that pull structures from layers below them. The energy always travels from higher to lower energy levels. The hole at the upper structure pulls energy into it from the lower structure. That thing is devastating. When energy pushes particles away from each other there is more and more space between particles. And there falls more and more energy between those particles. 

When we think about particles, we can call them structures. There are always structures in the material. Even on the tiniest scale, there are structures like superstrings. Those superstrings are small bites of wave motion. The diameter and length of them are always different. And that forms empty points between them. That makes them oscillate. That movement releases free energy in the system. That means the material is like yarn balls. And if those yarn balls are in a vacuum that pulls the outer shell away. That thing forms pockets where internal superstrings transport energy which is the sub-wave movement. 

Increasing entropy destroys black holes. 

The mystery of gravitational waves is this: is their origin in particles or are those gravitational waves other wave subwaves? 

If we think that image again even the densiest objects have entropy. The reason for that is that the energy or radiation and particles do not affect it symmetrically. We can think that the black hole's gravity fields are like segments in a ball. The segment pulls material smaller, and the size of the black hole's nucleus turns bigger. In that model, there is a precise point in the black hole's nucleus where energy hits. And that causes asymmetry in energy production or energy release. Those impacts send wave movement through black holes. And that causes the effect called vaporization. 

We can see that vaporization as gravitational waves. The gravity wave's origin is in the oscillation in the black hole. When a black hole oscillates its event horizon changes its place. And when a black hole turns smaller it leaves very high energy particles and wave motion behind it. The main problem with gravity radiation is, does it comes from particles or straight from wave movement. In that model, the gravitational waves are the sub-waves. Whose origin is in another wave movement. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-zero-entropy/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy

The new prosthesis gives man feeling.

Technology advances. And modern prostheses might have the ability to feel things. This kind of prosthesis is a new tool for medical operations, and it can interact with the human nervous system using intelligent electrodes that deliver and receive nervous signals. 

This kind of system can used with intelligent neural wristbands. Those wristbands can connect the user's nervous system to the prosthesis. 

The same technology created for prostheses can used in hand-shaped manipulators. That prosthesis can also connected with a robot, that communicates with users over the internet. 

They can also used with remote-control human-shaped robots. In those systems, the controller can control robots using the BCI  (Brain-computer interface) or in more practical models the user can use the VR (Virtual Reality) Glasses, data gloves, and intelligent wristbands, that send neuro-impulses to the robot. 

That new prosthesis can increase the ability to make people's lives better after the amputation. These kinds of tools are turning human-robot hybridization closer. And that also improves the ability to use things. Like space suits and other protective systems. Technology created for that prosthesis can used to give the feel of touch to space suits. 

By the way...

In K.W Jeter's SciFi book Dr. Adder, the author predicted the weaponized prosthesis. The prosthesis uses a nuclear battery and it interacts with the human nervous system. The computerized prosthesis had IR cameras, that send the images to hand nerves. It used acoustic or laser systems whose mission was to destroy objects. Using modern nanotechnology is possible to create flat loudspeakers that can create sound that destroys red blood cells. 

This kind of system is possible to make quite soon. In some scenarios, surgeons can put that prosthesis on an amputated hand. And the surgeons who make that operation would put the hand into the cryogenics. 

When the mission is over the surgeon removes the prosthesis and reconnects the natural arm with the operator. The idea is stolen from the KGB execution machine, the high-voltage glove there are electrodes where there is high-voltage electricity. If that system touches a person, that causes deadly electric shocks. 

https://www.freethink.com/health/man-feels-hot-and-cold-again-with-prosthetic-hand-breakthrough

The new tiny accelerators can make a revolution in many technologies.

"Illustration of a shoebox-sized accelerator. An electron source and buncher/injector feeds into a sub-relativistic DLA (the device described in this article), which accelerates electrons up to 1MeV in energy. These electrons are further accelerated by SiO2 waveguide-driven relativistic DLA, and finally pass through an undulator to produce coherent free-electron radiation. Credit: Moore Foundation / Payton Broaddus" (ScitechDaily, Stanford’s Tiny Accelerator Promises Giant Leaps for Medical and Physics Breakthroughs)

New tiny particle accelerators are one of the most interesting things in the world. This system makes it possible to create new materials. And one of the purposes of this kind of particle accelerator is to shoot ions into diamond structures. This system can shoot other atoms in ion form in carbon structure because ions can push carbon atoms away from their route in diamonds. That makes it possible to make diamond-based quantum computers. 

Tiny particle accelerators can also used in material research. But those systems are also suitable for plasma stealth systems. The aircraft or any other vehicle can surround using low-energy ion or anion plasma, and that thing can used to create the layer that pulls radio waves in it. That thing can make the plasma stealth true. 

The tiny particle accelerators can be the ion engine system. In ion engines, those particle accelerators can act as ion accelerators. In weapon solutions, the target can load using plus or minus electricity. Then the ion cannon shoots particles with opposite polarity. That thing makes the system pull particles to the target. 

In some models, the system can use tiny particle accelerators in antimatter engine systems. In those systems, the particle accelerators shoot electrons or protons into the gold layer. Along with the magnetic field that thing forms the antimatter like antiprotons or positrons. The antimatter system can involve multiple tiny particle accelerators. 

The problem with high-power lasers that shoot outside the atmosphere is that those systems require massive power sources. And the only small enough energy source for those laser systems has been a neutron bomb. The neutron bomb will detonate around the laser element or at the side of the laser, it gives light to the laser element. 

The antimatter or annihilation flashes can used in laser systems. Those annihilation flashes can be as bright as hydrogen bomb explosions. And the antimatter systems can replace nuclear weapons in X- and futuristic gamma-ray lasers. The extremely bright light flash can create a very bright laser ray. That is as powerful as nuclear weapon-boosted lasers, where fission elements surround laser elements. Those weapons were the most powerful lasers planned to use outside the atmosphere. 

https://scitechdaily.com/stanfords-tiny-accelerator-promises-giant-leaps-for-medical-and-physics-breakthroughs/

The diamonds are impressive qubits.

"A recent study has introduced a potent combination of diamond and lithium niobate for quantum technologies, achieving a remarkable 92% light transmission efficiency. This advancement promises to enhance the development of quantum computing and communication networks." (ScitechDaily, Redefining Quantum Possibilities: Scientists Develop Diamond-Lithium Niobate Chip With 92% Efficiency)

The idea in diamond qubits is that there are some different atoms in the diamond's carbon structure. Those different atoms like nitrogen, boron, or some noble gas can turn into the part of a diamond using electromagnetic radiation. The idea is that those boron atoms can used to make the quantum entanglement in that diamond.

In some visions, the high-class light handling capacity makes it possible for the entire diamond or carbon atoms in it to turn into the quantum entanglement network. That makes this system the most powerful solid qubit in the world. 

"Figure 1: Lower right: Structurally, the NV center consists of a pair of adjacent defects in the diamond lattice, namely, a nitrogen atom substituting for a carbon, together with a vacancy (a missing atom). Main figure: In abstract terms, each NV center is composed of at least one nuclear spin, and an electron complex with total spin 1. Bermudez et al. have determined that under a suitable driving field, the electron spins will constitute a channel by which the nuclei in neighboring NV centers can interact, thus achieving entanglement." (Physics, Driving a Hard Bargain with Diamond Qubits)

In some models, the diamond can replaced using the mountain crystal or quartz crystal. The quartz is a chemical compound. And in that case inside artificial mountain crystals will be landards. Those rare earth metal atoms can also form structures. Where the quantum computer makes the quantum entanglements. 

And in the most interesting vision is that the system replaces mountain crystals using a very clean glass that is pressed in a very high pressure. In that model, the pure glass or silicone crystal is the new material that stops electrons inside it and can used as the qubit. In other models, the system can put lenders. Or some other material such as salt. Into the glass crystal. And in that case, the silicone replaces carbon in that structure. 

The new metamaterial can revolutionize the AI and quantum computing. The metamaterial can stop electrons inside it. And that thing can turn it into the most advanced quantum computer. The system can make quantum entanglement between two stopped electron lines. And that thing can revolutionize quantum computing. The qubit doesn't have its final shape yet. And the advancement in quantum systems is very fast. The leading companies invest billions in that research. 

https://scitechdaily.com/redefining-quantum-possibilities-scientists-develop-diamond-lithium-niobate-chip-with-92-efficiency/

https://physics.aps.org/articles/v4/78

The new true one-way glass is real metamaterial magic.

"The magnetic properties of a material can affect how it interacts with light. Credit: Ihar Faniayeu/University of Gothenburg" (ScitechDaily, The Magic Behind True One-Way Glass: A Breakthrough in Optical Metamaterials)

The magnetic conditions in metamaterial cause light waves can turn small particles into different positions. That position determines if the light can travel through the glass or if it can reflect from it. 

Researchers at Aalto University created a new metamaterial that is like one-way glass. This thing is one of the most interesting things in metamaterial research. Real one-way glass means. That it doesn't require a dark room behind it. And that is a great breakthrough for that in optics. The real breakthrough is that this metamaterial can reflect light from another side when a magnetic field turns its particles in a certain direction. 

That means that the magnetic field can adjust if the one-way glass lets the light travel through it or if it reflects that light. Reseachers can use laser technology solutions. The laser forms its ray by jumping light between two mirrors. The one-way glass can make it possible for the laser will jump laser ray between two mirrors there are no holes. 

Then the the other mirror opens the road to the laser ray. In normal lasers, there is a hole in another mirror. The is sometimes a shutter there is also a mirror, and then the laser starts to load energy into the laser ray that jumps between those mirrors. When the laser system's energy level is high enough, the laser opens the shutter. This thing makes it possible to create energy pulses that are calculated accurately. 

Reseachers can also use one-sided glass to protect devices and things like eyes against laser rays. When a laser ray impacts the glass layer the light cell detects that thing. Then the system turns the mirror side out and reflects at least part of the laser ray's energy away. In that kind one way glass can used to protect satellites, aircraft, and other types of devices against laser rays. 

The idea is that engineers cover the vehicle's shell with this type of glass. It's possible that this kind of glass is connected with bullet-proof materials or is below the very bright and thin carbonite crystal. The system can also cool that layer. Or in satellites and their solar panels this glass can be put in a structure that looks like blind. The idea is that glass will turn its reflecting side outside. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-magic-behind-true-one-way-glass-a-breakthrough-in-optical-metamaterials/