Photonic microchips are halfway to a quantum computer.

"While humans and classical computers must perform tensor operations step by step, light can do them all at once. Credit: Photonics group / Aalto University. "(ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Made AI at the Speed of Light a Reality)

"Researchers have demonstrated single-shot tensor computing at the speed of light, marking a remarkable step toward next-generation AGI hardware powered by optical rather than electronic computation. Tensor operations are a type of mathematical processing that underpins many modern technologies, especially artificial intelligence, but they go far beyond the basic math most people encounter. A useful comparison is the complex movements involved in rotating, slicing, or reorganizing a Rubik’s cube in several dimensions at once. Humans and traditional computers must break these steps into a sequence, while light can carry out all of them simultaneously." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Made AI at the Speed of Light a Reality)

Photonic microchips offer speed-of-light computing. They are harder to disturb than electric microchips. However, there are many things. That researchers must solve. To make those chips a part of everyday use. The biggest challenge with photonic chips is transferring information between photonic and electrical states. Another problematic thing is the size of the photonic chips. Those photonic systems require complete knowledge. Of the photons and material interactions. In ideal cases, the magnetic fields and photon interactions are things. 

That can transmit data between magnetic systems and photonic computers. A magnetic microchip can be. Same way. As a big advance. As photonic chips are. Magnetic fields make microchips act. At lower temperatures than electric microchips.  The system can have three layers. Or, four, if the system has a quantum state. 

"Illustration showing photon emission from a nanodiamond and light directed by a bullseye antenna. Credit: SciTechDaily.com, inspired by Boaz Lubotzky" (ScitechDaily, Record-Breaking “Sparkle”: Scientists Unlock Diamond’s Quantum Potential)

1) The electric layer is the interface that inputs data that the user gives. 

2) A magnetic chip where the electricity will turn into a magnetic field. 

3) The photonic layer. The system will turn those magnetic fields into control photons. 

4) The fourth layer is reserved for a quantum computer. The photonic chip needs the optical gate to transform the photonic bit into a qubit. That layer exists only. If the system has a quantum layer or a quantum state. 

The wavelength of light is one thing. That puts limits. On photonic processors' miniaturization.  The processor or its components cannot be smaller than the wavelength of light. That travels in those components. The photonic processor can be halfway. To the table-sized or portable quantum computers. The problem is: how to control photons and electrons. And another problem is how to transfer data between optical and electronic systems. 

The second image could introduce the nano-sized diamond. It can act as a switch or gate. That can transform photonic information into a quantum mode. The diamond in the middle of the sensoric group delivers light and data to sensors. Those sensors are around it. This makes it possible to transform light, or a photonic data carrier, into the qubits. 

That system turns photons into the internal superpositioned structures. And that makes it possible to create the superposition when each layer of those internal photonic structures has one and zero states. As we know, a qubit is a superposition state of the structure. Each state can have values zero and one. The thing that makes the quantum computer different than a binary computer is this. The information is connected to a physical particle. Another thing is that. The quantum computer can drive each of its states as an independent binary computer. 

That means a quantum computer can act like many binary computers. Or it can share the complicated missions between each state of that system. The problem must be complex enough that the quantum computer can solve it faster than a binary computer. The reason for that is simple. The system requires superposition and entanglement between photons. This means that the quantum computer must have time to make those superpositions and entanglements. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-180-year-assumption-about-light-was-just-proven-wrong/

https://scitechdaily.com/record-breaking-sparkle-scientists-unlock-diamonds-quantum-potential/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-made-ai-at-the-speed-of-light-a-reality/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit