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What is the speed of light?

"On average, sunlight takes 8 minutes and 17 seconds to travel from the Sun to Earth. The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted c, is a universal physical constant that is exactly equal to 299,792,458 metres per second (approximately 300,000 kilometres per second; 186,000 miles per second; 671 million miles per hour" (Wikipedia, speed of light)

"Speed of light in a vacuum and air = 300 million m/s or 273,400 mph. Speed of light in water = 226 million m/s or 205,600 mph. Speed of light in glass = 200 million m/s or 182,300 mph." (https://countspeed.com/speed-of-light-in-water/)

The speed of light is cosmic constant. But the speed of light is not the same all the time. Outside the atmosphere speed of light is higher than in water. Outside the universe, the speed of light is higher than the speed of light in the universe. 

The speed of light is the speed of photons. So that's why we should say that a photon's speed depends on the environment. And that causes problems. Speed itself is relative to its environment. So we all moving about something.

We are moving about the sun or distant stars. That means that we always move. When we think about the universe. And its relation with speed. The universe is denser than the space outside it. That means particles should travel out from the universe faster than they travel inside it. 

But then we always forget that the universe's gravity slows particles. The speed of light can virtually be crossed when two particles travel opposite to each other. 

That thing can cause measurement error and virtual crossing of the speed of light if both particles travel faster than 50% of the speed of light. Also, things like black holes that stretch time and space can cause virtual redshift that can cause an effect that they travel faster than the speed of light. Crossing the speed of light happens at the point of the event horizon. 

The reason for that is that. The speed of light is connected with the space. If we were in a spacecraft that travels 60% of the speed of light we should cross that speed by accelerating to the speed that is 50-100% of the speed of light. And at least if we remove craft from around us, that thing causes us can cross the speed of light for a short moment, because the material that has mass cannot decrease its speed unlimitely. 

Neutrino detectors show that when a particle hits water from the air it travels a short moment faster than the speed of light. The reason for that is that the speed of light is slower in water than in air. While a particle slows its speed it sends a blue light flash. 

Because. Particles must transport their kinetic energy to the water. The speed of light is the wall, where energy flow to particles turns opposite. When energy flow turns away from particles, their acceleration ends. In black holes, the black hole presses the universe and energy into a denser form. 

That thing pumps energy into those particles. All photons and electromagnetic fields travel in the same direction. So the speed of particles is slower in space. And the speed of light is always an interesting thing. 


https://countspeed.com/speed-of-light-in-water/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light


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