Black holes may have no singularity.

   

Black holes may have no singularity. 

Black hole research veteran Roy Kerr introduced the model that black holes might have no singularity. And we know that all black holes are not similar. Supermassive black holes seem too big being exist. The thing that dominated the black hole research was the Schwarzschild radius. The radius is the gravitational limit. That determines the event horizon's distance to the black hole's center. But the Schwarzschild radius holds only if there is a heart or nucleus in a black hole. 

If the black hole has no nucleus that means Schwarzschild radius means nothing. In some theories, supermassive black holes are gravitational fields that form virtual particles. 

Singularity is the central point of the black hole. That is the thing, that we used to think about the form of the black hole. But there is the possibility that singularity is not necessary for a black hole's existence. The idea of a black hole without a nucleus is fundamental. 

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"A mathematical simulation of the warped space-time near two merging neutron stars that result in the creation of a black hole. The colored bands are gravitational-wave peaks and troughs, with the colors getting brighter as the wave amplitude increases. The strongest waves, carrying the greatest amount of energy, come just before and during the merger event itself. What occurs outside the event horizon is not practically affected by whether there is a ring singularity at the center, or some other, extended object that is non-singular.(BigThink.com/“Singularities don’t exist,” claims black hole pioneer Roy Kerr)

"Once you cross the threshold to form a black hole, everything inside the event horizon crunches down to a singularity that is, at most, one-dimensional. No 3D structures can survive intact. That’s the conventional wisdom, and has been treated as proven for over 50 years. But with rotation added into the mix, one of the assumptions of the “proof” seems to fall apart." (BigThink.com/“Singularities don’t exist,” claims black hole pioneer Roy Kerr)

"Size comparison of the two black holes imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration: M87*, at the heart of the galaxy Messier 87, and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at the center of the Milky Way. Although Messier 87’s black hole is easier to image because of the slow time variation, the one around the center of the Milky Way is the largest as viewed from Earth. These black holes are certain to have event horizons, as we’ve imaged them. (BigThink.com/“Singularities don’t exist,” claims black hole pioneer Roy Kerr)

"When matter collapses, it can inevitably form a black hole. Roger Penrose was the first to work out the physics of spacetime, applicable to all observers at all points in space and at all instants in time, that governs a system such as this. His conception has been the gold standard in general relativity ever since. However, while it robustly applies to non-rotating black holes, there may be a flaw with the reasoning that predicts it for realistic, rotating black holes." (BigThink.com/“Singularities don’t exist,” claims black hole pioneer Roy Kerr)

"The exact solution for a black hole with both mass and angular momentum was found by Roy Kerr in 1963, and revealed, instead of a single event horizon with a point-like singularity, an inner and outer event horizon, as well as an inner and outer ergosphere, plus a ring-like singularity of substantial radius. An external observer cannot see anything beyond the outer event horizon, and if you replace the ring singularity with a non-singular object, the spacetime outside the horizon is unaffected".(BigThink.com/“Singularities don’t exist,” claims black hole pioneer Roy Kerr)

"Shadow (black), horizons and ergospheres (white) of a rotating black hole. The quantity of a, shown varying in the image, has to do with the relationship of angular momentum of the black hole to its mass. Because actual matter must collapse to form this black hole, and because the conditions that necessarily lead to a singularity are not met under this scenario, the existence of a singularity is not guaranteed." (BigThink.com/“Singularities don’t exist,” claims black hole pioneer Roy Kerr)

"When an observer enters a non-rotating black hole, there is no escape: you get crushed by the central singularity. However, in a rotating (Kerr) black hole, passing through the center of the disk bounded by the alleged ring singularity is possible, and while it might take you to an extended part of the space known as an antiverse, it could also be that the “ring singularity” is just a phantasm". (BigThink.com/“Singularities don’t exist,” claims black hole pioneer Roy Kerr)

"An animation of the orbit of a single test particle just outside of the innermost stable orbit for a Kerr (rotating) black hole. Note that the particle has a differing radial extent from the black hole’s center dependent on the orientation: whether you’re aligned or perpendicular to the spin axis of the black hole. Note also that the particle doesn’t remain in a single plane, but rather fills the volume of a torus as it orbits the black hole." (BigThink.com/“Singularities don’t exist,” claims black hole pioneer Roy Kerr)

This could be the event horizon's model. When very high-energy superstrings move near a black hole, they can push other quantum fields away. That continues until the energy level in those strings is turning so high that the outside quantum field separates from that structure. Then outside field falls into that structure.  When wave movement and particles fall in that structure, that thing can cause quantum friction that moves energy into those superstrings. Then they send energy into the middle of the event horizon. And then that energy causes gravitational pull into that vacuum. The vacuum just causes the effect that outside fields fall in it. And they take all other things with it. 

"These illustrations show two views of the active galaxy TXS 0128+554, located around 500 million light-years away.

Left: The galaxy's central jets appear as they would if we viewed them both at the same angle. The black hole, embedded in a disk of dust and gas, launches a pair of particle jets traveling at nearly the speed of light. Scientists think gamma rays (magenta) detected by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope originate from the base of these jets. As the jets collide with material surrounding the galaxy, they form identical lobes seen at radio wavelengths (orange). The jets experienced two distinct bouts of activity, which created the gap between the lobes and the core.

Right: The galaxy appears in its actual orientation, with its jets tipped out of our line of sight by about 50 degrees."

Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center" (https://chandra.harvard.edu/press/20_releases/press_082520tiefighter.html)

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In that model, the black hole is a virtual object, the cosmic void. In some models, there is a standing string or standing wave in the middle of the event horizon. In this text "string" means extremely thin wave. 

That forms when a bubble that forms after a supernova explosion falls. The quantum fields and material that drop in the void that supernova radiation form pushes some superstrings or wave movement into straight form. That wave movement turns into a stick. That is in the middle of the event horizon. That "stick" acts as an antenna that sends radiation out from the black hole. If that stick-looking structure exists it acts like a laser element. And that thing turns the black hole look like a laser

In some other models, there is a group of particles in the middle of a supernova. And when the supernova explosion happens energy pushes strings that form those particles through each other. So the particle's shell turns upside down and the inner shell turns out, and the outer shell turns in. But there is the possibility that black holes do not exist as particles or objects. 

That means they would be like some cosmic voids. When material and wave movement falls through the event horizon they hit that "stick" in the event horizon. And that radiation transmits energy out from the black hole. That explains why black holes do not expand. Otherwise, black holes expand because the universe also expands. The universe's expansion causes the effect that quantum fields inside the universe turn weaker. 

But everything is not black and white. 

So the conclusion is that maybe some black hole has a singularity in the middle of the event horizon, but that singularity is not necessary for black holes. In that model, the energy level of the supernova or event that forms supermassive black holes determines if the singularity exists. 

When a hypermassive or hyper-energy event forms a black hole, it's possible that the energy load just turns the material or particle's shell upside down. In that model the highest energy level forms so-called "empty" black holes without any singularity in their shell. 

The idea is that there might be so-called empty black holes with no singularity. The energy level of the event that forms black holes may determine if there is a singularity in black holes. If the energy level is high enough, that thing destroys singularity or turns it into straight wave. 

If a supermassive black hole is "empty" the Schwarzschild radius doesn't limit its size. 

We know that stellar and supermassive black holes do not form similarly. So that means stellar black holes might have singularity. But the supermassive black holes will not have a singularity. That means a supermassive black hole is a virtual object, whose size is not tied to Schwarzschild radius. 

In the stellar black hole, the singularity. That extremely dense material singularity determines the size of the black hole. But are all four fundamental interactions, gravity, electromagnetism, and weak- and strong interaction connected to one force? 

The fact is that in that model particles are melted to one entirety. The four fundamental forces interact so close to each other, that they act on objects with similar power. But the supermassive black holes would be more like cosmic voids. In the middle of those voids would be the stick-looking wave movement, that conducts energy and material out from the black hole. And the thing that supports this model is the jets from supermassive black holes that are visible on both sides of galaxies. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/singularities-dont-exist-roy-kerr/

https://chandra.harvard.edu/press/20_releases/press_082520tiefighter.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius