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Where went antimatter?

    Where went antimatter? 


Just after the Big Bang, there were as much antimatter and matter in the universe. But then the scattering effect near the Big Bang or in an extremely hot universe turned some antimatter particles into material. And that formed material as we know it. The powerful energy fields can turn matter into antimatter. 

In a hot universe, the energy level was extremely high. That formed an asymmetry between matter and antimatter. Still today, impacts between particles form a small number of short-term antimatter particles even in Earth's atmosphere. That thing causes questions about how much antimatter forms in high-energy reactions in the universe. 

Galaxy with its hydrogen halo. 


The fact is that the antimatter still exists in our universe. Every day antimatter particles hit Earth's atmosphere. Antimatter may form when a high-energy particle hits Earth's atmosphere. And that impact changes its spin. That thing turns particles into antimatter particles. But the question is, how much antimatter forms in the universe because of high-energy reactions and interactions? 

Hydrogen halo around the galaxy uncovers that supermassive black hole in the middle of it has poles. Those N/S poles of the black hole make the relativistic jets around it. And those relativistic jets form a hydrogen halo around the galaxy. When that hydrogen hits the galaxy's and its star's magnetic fields and plasma it's possible that there is forming antimatter. Also if some other black hole's relativistic jet impacts with another relativistic jet, that thing can form antimatter. There may be antimatter stars or even antimatter galaxies in the universe. 

Also, other particles except photons have anti-particle pairs. There are quark-antiquark pairs in protons and those particle pairs interact like positronium. Positronium is the combination where positron and electron orbit each other. And also other particle-antiparticle pairs annihilate or turn energy than electron-and positron pairs. 



Antimatter is like material as we know it. But for some reason the electric loads in antimatter are opposite. Things like gravity interact with antimatter similar way as they interact with material. Anti-electron or positron has a positive electric load. An antiproton has a negative electric load. The spin of an antineutron is opposite to a neutron. In normal material electron has a negative electric load, a proton has a positive and a neutron's spin is opposite to antineutron's spin. 

And that means antimatter is the material's mirror. The thing is that all natural laws in antimatter are the same as "regular material". Only the mark of the electricity makes a difference between antimatter-material particles. When antimatter hits material both particles turn into energy. That reaction is known as annihilation. 

The annihilation is possible only between a particle and its antiparticle pair. That causes an idea that the opposite spins cause situations where there is some kind of flash between a particle and its antiparticle pair. That thing causes a reaction where both particles turn into energy. 


"Bubble chamber tracks from Fermilab, revealing the charge, mass, energy, and momentum of the particles and antiparticles created. This recreates similar conditions to what was present during the Big Bang, where matter and antimatter can both be readily created from pure energy. At the highest energies, all particles and antiparticles can be created, but at energies corresponding to "only" a temperature of ~10 billion K or so, electron-positron pairs can still be spontaneously created". (BigThink.com/What was it like when the last antimatter disappeared?)

The reason for antimatter research is that thing is a useful tool in high-power rocket engines that can transport humans to another star.  The antimatter flash can also be in lasers.  Antimatter would be an excellent power source in compact power systems. In an antimatter battery, the antimatter particles like positrons are in a magnetic chamber. 

Then the system lets only one or two electrons travel in that chamber in time. And that makes it possible to create a controlled antimatter reactor. First, the system drives antimatter in the magnetic chamber where positrons hover in a vacuum. The system lets electrons travel in that chamber one or two per time. Then the system collects energy using photovoltaic cells or making that reactor heat some liquids. The problem is this. If the reactor's shell is broken, that can cause detonation that can destroy large land areas. 

The energy output from antimatter happens when antimatter annihilates with material. The thing that makes antimatter dangerous is its high energy load. And 1g of antimatter can detonate Earth. 

There is a theoretical antimatter bomb there antiprotons or positrons stored in magnetic capsules. The magnetic field keeps those particles away from the wall. And when an antimatter bomb is used the system opens the capsule. Then the material reacts with antimatter. The pencil-size antimatter bomb can destroy an entire planet. The paradox is that antimatter bombs can someday destroy the rogue planet or rogue stars that incomes to the solar system. 


https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/last-antimatter-disappeared/


https://scitechdaily.com/invisible-hydrogen-halo-revealing-a-galaxys-hidden-polar-ring/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium

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