Gravity and the quantum realm.

  Gravity and the quantum realm. 

"The Earth’s gravity, manifested as curvature in space and time, is expected to alter the rules of standard quantum theory. An experiment consisting of three quantum computers at different elevations can reveal the interplay between gravity and quantum mechanics. Credit: The Grainger College of Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign" (ScitechDaily, Earth’s Gravity Might Be Warping Quantum Mechanics, Say Physicists)

Even Earth's gravity can affect quantum mechanics.  Albert Einstein realized that gravity affects photons. And their trajectories. That makes a gravitational lens possible. But when we think about a situation where gravity affects fields and their interactions with particles, we might first think about things like black holes. But actually, we don’t know how strong the gravitational field must be, so that it affects things like quantum mechanics and qubits. When a qubit travels in the quantum channel, there is a risk that it touches the quantum channel’s walls. And that thing destroys the information that the qubit transports. There is a possibility that gravity interacts with quantum fields. 

And turns them into waves. This form asymmetry and entropy in the quantum fields. There is a possibility that we must not care about small anomalies. But. There is always a possibility that the anomalies and unpredictable things accumulate in the system. We know that one moving water molecule might be harmless. But when trillions of water molecules form things like tsunamis, that breaks the system. When there is a lower energy point in the middle of the system. That thing can glue objects together strongly. That same thing can cause an effect where too much energy starts to travel at that point. That happens if that energy pothole is too deep. The problem is that all systems collect energy also from their environment. 

"A new study reveals that even small differences in elevation between quantum computers—just one kilometer apart—can allow Earth’s gravity to measurably affect quantum systems, challenging one of the foundational principles of quantum mechanics. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Earth’s Gravity Might Be Warping Quantum Mechanics, Say Physicists)

There is one model that nobody mentioned about dark matter. That model is that dark matter can be a particle. Within other particles. What if another electron travels inside another electron? That makes the particle super heavy. 

Can dark energy be energy that travels in a hollow superstring in the opposite direction from the superstring’s shell? In that model, a hollow superstring can cause reflection when it hits another quantum field. That reflection causes energy to travel in the opposite direction along the superstring, or energy tube. To the superstring’s shell travels. 

So the core and shell travel in different directions. And the shell of the superstring pumps energy to that wave, which forms the superstring’s core. Even if two wave packages travel in opposite directions, the outer wave package pumps energy into the inner wave package that goes through it. That means the maser effect also affects the superstrings. That means outside energy can press those waves into coherent form. And that energy that travels in superstrings keeps it open.. 

Energy always travels to the lower level. The thing that makes energy devastating is not energy itself. It's an energy movement. When energy moves, there must be some space where energy goes. Energy cannot just vanish. If a small amount of energy travels into a very large space, that doesn’t mean that energy vanishes. It just spreads into a very large area. Energy or information, which is another name for wave movement, still exists. But its wavelength is changed. And that means information or energy can be positioned into the original form. Pressing those waves from their ends. Normally, that is very hard to make. Energy, or information, can take solid form. 

We call this solid form as materia. If we follow the rule that energy can only transform its shape, we could expand that model to the material. And that means the material should turn from visible to dark. But it cannot make that thing straight. The matter should turn into wave movement before it can turn into dark matter. Same way, we cannot transform a cube-shaped stone into a ball-shaped stone. We must melt that stone first. There is only one possible exception. That requires one interesting vision: Could dark matter be a particle that is inside another particle? What if another electron is inside another electron? That turns this hypothetical particle into a super-heavy form of electron. 

https://scitechdaily.com/earths-gravity-might-be-warping-quantum-mechanics-say-physicists/

A quantum computer's biggest problem may have been solved.

 A quantum computer's biggest problem may have been solved. 

"Illustration of a new strategy to create materials with robust quantum properties, by harnessing magnetic interactions (represented by the red and blue arrows). The small green spheres represent sites where electrons can reside and move along the chain. Special magnetic atoms (purple spheres with arrows) interact with the electrons at certain sites, shown by the blueish clouds. These interactions create protected edge states (green cloud) that could help make quantum computers more stable and less sensitive to noise. Credit: Jose L. Lado" (ScitechDaily, Scientists May Have Just Cracked Quantum Computing’s Biggest Problem)

The biggest problem is how to adjust energy levels in quantum entanglement. The transmitting-side particle's energy level must be higher. Than the energy level in the receiving particles. When those particles in superposition and entanglement reach the same energy level, they form a standing wave and destroy the quantum entanglement. Swedish and Finnish researchers noticed that a magnetic field can adjust energy levels. In the superpositioned and entangled particles. When the system creates a quantum entanglement, it pumps energy to another transmitting particle. That energy forms an electromagnetic shadow or tube between the transmitting and receiving particles. 

That tube pulls the quantum field of the transmitting particle to the receiving particle. And then the quantum bridge or quantum string starts to travel in that tube. Normally system makes superpositions between photons. Things like electrons are very sensitive to magnetic fields. Atoms are too complicated things to have superposition and entanglement. The system can make multiple quantum strings. Because every quantum state. At superpositioned and entangled particle pairs. Makes a single quantum string, or quantum bridge. Each of those strings has two positions that are 0 and 1. 

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So, basically, the room-temperature quantum computer requires only a large number of light cables. That system mimics human neurons. In human neurons, protein bunches or protein strings act.  In a similar way to how the quantum string acts in superpositioned and entangled particle pairs. That makes neurons act like quantum processors. 

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For making that superposition and entanglement, the transmitting and receiving particles must reach the same oscillation sequence. That thing allows the quantum bridge to form in that quantum tube. Information travels in those quantum bridges or quantum strings in the form of a wave. That raises a question: can information travel faster than light in quantum entanglement? 

The answer is that. The wave can travel at a speed. That's the same as the speed of light in that quantum tube. If there is another wave forming ahead of the wave that transports information, that can destroy the quantum bridge. The wave that forms in front of the information carrier causes destruction. Basically, information can travel in quantum entanglement faster than light travels outside the quantum tube. Or theoretically, if somebody can create a straight wave and push that wave back and forth, that makes those things transmit information faster than light transports it. 

The straight wave acts like a stick that moves back and forth. So those systems can transmit data from Alpha Centauri faster than radio waves. But they are useful only for long distances. If they are possible someday in the future. 

Another thing that researchers must remove is the quantum noise. When energy travels in a system, it jumps between particles. And other actors. Causing echoes and wave movement that is hard to predict. The energy impulses that travel between particles destroy the system. The problem is that in quantum systems is impossible to aim energy flows completely to other particles without causing overflow. That overflow is the wave movement that forms entropy, which destroys the system. 

Another thing is that the waves from receiving and transmitting particles. That acts like sound waves destroy the quantum bridge. That transports information. Or they make the quantum tube leak. That also destroys information. The problem is that those quantum entanglements are made. Using very low-energy level photons or some other particles. When a particle’s temperature is very low, it makes energy travel to it. 

That makes the weak skyrmion around the particle. And that thing causes a standing wave. When a quantum string transports information, it also transmits energy to that skyrmion. And sooner or later, the energy level in the skyrmion and particle will rise so high that the standing wave between those particles destroys that quantum entanglement. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-may-have-just-cracked-quantum-computings-biggest-problem/

Researchers split a photon into two pieces.

  Researchers split a photon into two pieces. 

"By splitting a single photon, scientists confirmed that angular momentum is always conserved — a billion-to-one experiment that reinforces the foundations of quantum physics. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Split a Single Photon. Here’s What They Found)

The image above introduces a situation. The wave movement impacts a photon. That thing makes the photon oscillate and send a wave movement. That thing can also split a photon into two pieces. When a photon travels in a quantum network. Transporting information. The system must store information about that photon. 

And after that, the system must also download information from that photon. The very thin wave bites could act like the needle of the gramophone. The system scans the depth of the waves that are on the photon’s surface. The quantum system stores information in those waves. And the number of waves determines how many states the qubit can have. Another determinant is the depth of those waves. 

Researchers at the University of Tampere split a photon into two photons. That thing proved that even photons follow one of the basic rules in physics: the conservation of angular momentum. So, if the system can make photons act like a gyroscope. And keep those photons in the same position, which makes a new advance in photonics and quantum computing. A series of superpositioned and entangled photons can transport information in nanotube-based systems. 

"Schematic of a single photon with zero angular momentum (green) splitting into two photons (red) with either zero or opposite angular momenta (sketched through the spatially varying color), which adds up to zero confirming the fundamental angular momentum conservation law. Credit: Robert Fickler / Tampere University"(ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Split a Single Photon. Here’s What They Found)

Splitting a photon into two photons by aiming a laser beam, or a wave movement through it. It is one of the things that can make quantum networks closer to reality. In a quantum network, information is stored in particles, like photons.  In a quantum network, particles travel and transport information. In a regular network, wave movement acts as an information transporter. 

The problem with the quantum network is this. Those particles that travel in that network. Should not touch anything unexpected. Any field or unexpected error in the quantum network causes a situation. There is information that particle transport can be damaged. The problem with error detection is this. The system cannot detect errors that happen in some quantum line. 

The answer for error detection is to send information using two separate lines. If those lines create identical solutions, the answer is ” probably closer, right than wrong”. In reasonable circuits. The system makes all calculations backward. And if the answer is the original values, the system gives the right answer. But if the system transports information into two lines, it must split that thing into two routes. 

In a quantum network. That requires that the system must create two identical information packs. So, the ability to split photons can be a tool for quantum routers. But the system can use this technology in quantum computers. Splitting photons and putting them into superposition and quantum entanglement is one thing that can make the quantum chips closer to everyday reality. The information that photon also follows the principle of angular momentum is the thing. That can be important for quantum technology. If the system knows when photons “fall” in quantum entanglement, that can improve the quantum system's effectiveness. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-split-a-single-photon-heres-what-they-found/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum

Photons and Schrödinger’s cats.

 Photons and Schrödinger’s cats. 

The problem is: Why do photons have no medium? Where is its Schrödinger’s cat state where it has both wave and particle forms at the same time? Logically, thinking the particle that goes from one extreme state to another one should travel through the state where the particle has both extreme states. But can that particle travel through that Schrödinger cat state so fast that we cannot detect it? 

Einstein was wrong. A photon cannot simultaneously have particle and wave forms. We can observe either a particle or a wave form in photons. So, if we observe a photon. It can have separate wave and particle forms. But those states or forms are always separated; they never exist at the same time. Or that time is very short. And we cannot detect it. The normal principle in quantum mechanics is this. An observer cannot measure the precise place of a particle and the particle’s movement at the same time. If particle comes to us, we cannot see that particle moves without triangular measurement. We see that the particle grows. 

That is known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle. Or simpler uncertainty principle. 

“The uncertainty principle, also known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It states that there is a limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously known. In other words, the more accurately one property is measured, the less accurately the other property can be known.” (Wikipedia, Uncertainty principle)

And could the researchers apply that principle to other things? Like changes in the energy states? Or can the uncertainty principle explain why we can see either particle form, photon, or wave movement form in light? So, is it possible that we just cannot measure wave and particle forms in a photon? At the same time? Or does the photon have the ability to transform its state from the wave to a particle and particle to wave, without the medium state? 

In the most accurate  double-slit experiment in history, MIT used two ultra-cold atoms to prove. That means we can measure a photon's dual-state nature. But at the same time, we cannot see those states. Those states are always separated, and that means the uncertainty principle is useful in some other situations than just measuring the particle’s place or movement. In those other cases. A particle moves between quantum states or energy states and levels. When a particle receives or releases energy, it moves between energy states. And that thing is one way to introduce movement. The movement happens between states, frequencies, or energy levels. 

"Schematic of the MIT experiment: Two single atoms floating in a vacuum chamber are illuminated by a laser beam and act as the two slits. The interference of the scattered light is recorded with a highly sensitive camera depicted as a screen. Incoherent light appears as background and implies that the photon has acted as a particle passing only through one slit. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers." (ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

“MIT physicists have performed the most precise version of the famous double-slit experiment, using ultracold atoms and single photons to reveal the strange dual nature of light as both wave and particle.”(ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

“This quantum balancing act—long debated by Einstein and Bohr—was tested without traditional “spring” components, instead relying on atomic “fuzziness” to confirm Bohr’s view: you can’t observe both properties at once. The experiment not only showcases the subtleties of quantum mechanics but also revisits and resolves a historic scientific rivalry.” (ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

The photon can have two states. That we can see. Those two states are wave and particle states. And if we follow the path that Niels Bohr introduced, we cannot see those states simultaneously. We can see a wave, or a particle form in a photon. And those states are always separated. But then we can think that when a photon’s state transforms from the particle to the wave, the photon stretches. That means the photon turns longer. So there should be a medium between those states. But we cannot see that medium. Or Scrödinger’s cat state in photons. That means there is a possibility that the photon goes through that state so fast. That we cannot see that state. Or maybe a photon does not have that medium state. But there is no sense in that possibility. We all know that when a particle, or substance, travels from one extreme state to another extreme state, that transformation must happen through the medium state. The medium state is Schrödinger’s cat state. 

Therefore, for example, a photon should have a state that is both a wave and a particle. But that state is not seen. Another thing is something more incredible. Could the photon be flat? Is it possible that a photon is somehow a flat, donut-looking structure? When researchers stop the photon. That stopped photon should release its energy and turn into a wave movement. But the photon’s particle form remains. That means there should be some internal movement in that particle. Is it possible that a photon is a group of string-shaped waves that form a particle called a photon? When we say that a photon has no time, we are right and wrong. A photon travels at the speed of light. And that means time should be stopped there, but then we can rethink that thing. 

Time is stopped on a photon, but a photon is bound in the universe’s existence. If the universe exists, the photon should take the wave form. But otherwise, it could keep its particle form. If we think that electromagnetic shadow behind the photon pulls it to a straight form, that means it could mean that when the quantum fields turn weaker. The electromagnetic shadow. Or electromagnetic low-pressure will not form behind the photon. And in that case, the photon could also keep its particle form. And that causes an idea: can there be a state of space where there is no cosmic speed limits? When a photon changes its state from a particle to a wave. It turns longer. 

Or stretches to form that looks like spaghetti. In that case, the nose of that spaghetti-shaped particle takes energy into that particle. When a particle travels in a quantum field, it makes a similar shockwave or cone around it like a supersonic aircraft. And there is quantum low-pressure between that cone and the particle. So energy travels to space between that shockwave and the particle. Because the area that delivers energy is larger than the nose, this causes the situation. The particle starts to deliver more energy than it gets. And in that case, the acceleration stops. Acceleration can continue until the particle starts to deliver as much energy as it gets from the environment. Quantum gravity means the particle binds quantum fields into it and turns those fields into kinetic energy. When the field grips the particle. 

Outside field comes to that point. At the same time, the field transports other particles closer to that particle. The photon has no weight or mass because it cannot bind quantum fields to it. Or it releases as much energy as it gets. That means. The photon has energy stability. When quantum fields turn weaker, the speed of light rises. But the reason why we cannot see that thing is that. When we are in the middle of the quantum systems, we cannot observe their changes as we should. We could make measurements only if we were outside the system. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-just-proved-einstein-wrong-in-the-most-famous-quantum-experiment/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle

Quantum echo in a superconductor can improve quantum technologies.

   Quantum echo in a superconductor can improve quantum technologies. 

"A surprising “Higgs echo” discovered in a superconductor reveals hidden quantum behaviors, offering tantalizing possibilities for future quantum technologies. Credit: Ames National Laboratory" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover Mysterious “Quantum Echo” in Superconductors)

Quantum echo in a superconductor can improve quantum technologies. 

In the image above, the text is the situation where the particle. Which is like a sombrero in its quantum field, faces the ring-shaped quantum field faces the ring-shaped quantum field. If that energy hill is in the ring-field. There is a possibility of transmitting waves into that ring-shaped field. And if there are two “almost” identical ring fields, the system can make superposition and entanglement using those fields. The fact is that the field should not be smooth. The “hills” and “valleys” over it form the gear. There are those “hills” and “valleys” that are things. 

That grabs the quantum field. And anchor it to the shell of the particle. Without those things, the field cannot connect to the particle. And the field just slides over it. 

Making it roll around the particle or field. If the field is absolutely smooth, that means that a quantum wire or any quantum field cannot grab that field. So, that causes the idea. Dark energy can be a smooth field. This could be the reason why it doesn’t interact with other fields like it should.  X-rays and gamma-rays are “smoother” waves because their wavelength is so short. That makes those waves tunnel through extremely thick walls.

In the same way, other smooth fields can tunnel themselves through the walls. In those cases, the field just pushes other fields from around it. And then that gives them the possibility to travel through the thick lead walls. 

The mysterious quantum echo in superconducting opens new visions in quantum systems. And their control. If we want to control a system. We must have knowledge of all its abilities. If there is an unknown actor. That destroys our ability to control that system. When researchers found an unknown quantum echo from superconductors. Their knowledge of the quantum field interaction grew. The origin of the quantum echo can be in the interaction between two superconducting fields that transport electricity. 

In models, the superconductivity forms when atoms in the electric wires are in extremely low energy levels. That turns them into the Bose-Einstein state. And in that state, quantum fields that surround those atoms turn into a united entirety. So there are no gaps between those quantum fields. And that makes the quantum field around the wire homogeneous and smooth. There, the wave travels without resistance. Normally, electricity travels above the shell of the wire in the form of wave movement. 

Atom oscillations cause the atoms’ quantum fields where the wave travels is non-homogeneous. Resistance forms when electricity jumps over those connection points of quantum fields. In that case. There form the counter wave forms in the receiving quantum field. And the electricity should cross the standing wave between those atoms. That means the system must raise the power all the time that it gets an electric signal to travel through the wire. 

In superconductors. The quantum fields are melted into a single entirety. That means there are no holes between those atoms’ quantum fields. Or those gaps are very small. But the quantum echo can form in situations where superconductivity is not complete. There can be small gaps between atoms. And in very low temperatures, standing waves between those atoms, or, otherwise saying, resistance is hard to measure. 

Information that travels in the superconductor’s quantum field is a wave. That means the wave just interacts with the field around it. This means that the quantum echo can form. When another superconducting wire sends a weak wave movement to another quantum field. If superconducting wires are close to each other and the electricity travels in opposite ways, a thing can form a quantum whirl between those superconducting wires. 

Those things can be useful in quantum memory solutions and quantum computers. There is a possibility that the system can use those quantum whirls to load information into superpositioned and entangled particles.  

Or maybe those whirls can make the superposition and entanglement themselves. Those whirls can form if the quantum fields around the superconducting wires can create a similar effect to what the air makes when tropical hurricanes are formed. Different ways traveling fields create similar whirls as air molecules create if two air flows travel in opposite directions.  Those whirls can also be used to transport atoms and other particles on the nanotechnical lattices. That thing can revolutionize quantum and nanotechnology. 

The waves in the superconducting fields can also make it possible to create new sensors. Those sensors are tools that can scan extremely smooth surfaces. And those systems can be the new and powerful detectors that can detect other quantum fields from long distances. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-mysterious-quantum-echo-in-superconductors/

The photon, or light, can have wave and particle forms. And that can explain why a photon cannot cross the speed of light.

"Photons are elementary particles that act as the fundamental carriers of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. They are unique because they have no mass and always travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. Photons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties, a dual nature that is central to the field of quantum mechanics. They play a crucial role in various physical processes, including the transmission of energy and information. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Science Made Simple: What Are Photons?)

The photon, or light, can have wave and particle forms. And that can explain why a photon cannot cross the speed of light. 

The photon, or light, can have wave and particle forms. And those forms are always separated. The photon cannot have wave and particle forms at the same time. The speed of light in a vacuum is 299,792,458 m/s. But the speed of light depends on the environment. But the speed of light is impossible to reach in normal situations. 

But what makes a photon change its form? And could that explain why particles cannot cross the speed of light? There is a possibility. That electromagnetic, or quantum vacuum. Or the shadow tail behind the particle pulls that particle into a straight form that we call wave movement. 

A photon has a wave movement form. And it has a particle form. But those forms are always separated. The photon cannot have wave and particle forms at the same time. And maybe, that thing explains. Why can a photon always travel at the top speed of the environment? But the photon cannot travel faster than light. So the photon’s speed is always the top. 

The photon can take a wave movement form. When it forms an electromagnetic vacuum or tail, which pulls it into a tape-shaped form. If the electromagnetic or quantum field is weak, the quantum shadow will not be so deep. 

"Schematic of the MIT experiment: Two single atoms floating in a vacuum chamber are illuminated by a laser beam and act as the two slits. The interference of the scattered light is recorded with a highly sensitive camera depicted as a screen. Incoherent light appears as background and implies that the photon has acted as a particle passing only through one slit. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers." (ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

The photon should be like all other particles. And it interacts with the fields around it like all other particles. If the particle travels through the quantum fields, it leaves the tail or vacuum behind it. That tail pulls the particle to the shape. That looks like a tape. If that shadow or vacuum tail does not form, the particle would reach a far higher speed than it reaches without that tail. When that quantum shadow turns too deep. 

That pulls the particle into the shape. That looks like tape. The nose will inject energy into the particle. But at the same time. It creates the quantum version of the sonic pressure cone. That pulls energy out from the sides of the particle. 

That tape-shaped structure could explain why the photon behaves as it behaves. When a photon travels in the electromagnetic or quantum field, it acts like all other particles. Photon makes a similar cone to the electromagnetic field as an aircraft does. There is an electromagnetic vacuum around the photon. The nose of the photon pushes the field away from it. 

And then the tape-shaped thing goes into the quantum vacuum that pulls energy out from that tape-shaped thing. When the area that conducts energy to the particle becomes too small, the particle starts to deliver more energy than it gets. That means the change from particle to wave movement turns the particles to tape; that nose is the only thing that delivers energy to particle. And the rest of the tape-shaped body releases more energy than the particle can get from its nose. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-just-proved-einstein-wrong-in-the-most-famous-quantum-experiment/

https://scitechdaily.com/science-made-simple-what-are-photons/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

The new room-temperature quantum effect can be the next-generation acousto-optical system.

  The new room-temperature quantum effect can be the next-generation acousto-optical system. 

"Laser hits glass particles. Credit: Lorenzo Dania (ETHZ)" (ScitechDaily)

The new quantum breakthrough in the hovering nanoparticles is something incredible. The experiment, in which a laser hits nanoparticles that hover between two layers, offers incredible new ways to create optical and acousto-optical systems. In the last case, the laser beam, or some other electromagnetic stress, causes particles to oscillate. And that turns electromagnetic radiation into acoustic waves. The acoustic wave causes other molecules or atoms to oscillate around them. 

An acoustic wave means molecular-sized wave movement. In those systems, the laser pumps energy into those nanoparticles. And puts them oscillate. And they send a wave movement. The wave movement’s wavelength depends on the size of the oscillating particle. That  makes it possible for researchers to create new types of lasers where other lasers inject energy into the medium. That medium can be gas atoms that hover in the laser element. Then those gas atoms send their extra energy as a photon pack. 

Same way. Other particles. Like hydrogen ions (protons) or standing electron clouds, they send their extra energy in the form of photons. If the laser beams are injected into the particles like fullerene balls, they cause them to send a wave movement whose wavelength is similar to the fullerene ball’s size. That allows for creation. Of new types of highly accurate acoustic systems. Nanoparticle oscillation is one of the things. That can be used in the new types of cleaning systems. If the oscillation can destroy things like hydrocarbon molecules and ionize the carbon atom. That removes carbon from the compound. That can be used in the new types of medicine. 

The idea is that the nanoparticle. Like fullerene, it takes a bubble in the targeted cells. Then the acoustic oscillation resonates in that bubble. Putting it to oscillate. And that makes those bubbles create new bubbles. That thing makes especially fullerene-based nanoparticles dangerous. The fullerene always creates a bubble around it. And that bubble will multiply itself. The thing is that the slime in the human body and cells has higher viscosity than water. The surface tension denies liquids to fill those ball-shaped molecules. 

That means they are in the bubble. And when some acoustic waves, or otherwise, are said. Pressure waves hit that bubble or its outer membrane and cause it to oscillate like a drum. That forms the lower pressure point in that point. They can actually form a microvacuum that creates another bubble at that point. That thing pulls dirt out from surfaces. But the oscillation sends pressure, or sound waves, into the cell. Those pressure waves cause oscillation in the cell organelles and the DNA molecule. It can also damage the cell’s internal structures. 

https://scitechdaily.com/room-temperature-quantum-breakthrough-stuns-physicists/

The planet candidate near Alpha Centauri (part II)

   The planet candidate near Alpha Centauri (part II)

"Alpha Centauri A Planet Candidate"

"This artist’s concept shows what a gas giant orbiting Alpha Centauri A could look like. Observations of the triple star system Alpha Centauri using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope indicate the potential gas giant, about the mass of Saturn, orbiting the star by about two times the distance between the Sun and Earth." (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Webb May Have Found a Planet Next Door. Then It Vanished)

"In this concept, Alpha Centauri A is depicted at the upper left of the planet, while the other Sun-like star in the system, Alpha Centauri B, is at the upper right. Our Sun is shown as a small dot of light between those two stars. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Robert L. Hurt (Caltech/IPAC)"(ScitechDaily, NASA’s Webb May Have Found a Planet Next Door. Then It Vanished)

The planet candidate in the Alpha Centauri system is an interesting thing. The planet could be a Saturn-type gas giant in a very elliptic trajectory. Alpha Centauri is far brighter than Proxima Centauri, which orbits the binary star system 4 light-years from Earth. The JWST saw a structure that could be an exoplanet, but then it vanished. Maybe there was some kind of eruption in that solar system, and that covered the exoplanet behind it. The Alpha Centauri Ab can face a similar fate as Alpha Centauri Bb, which was a proposed exoplanet near Alpha Centauri B, that is the K-type star. 

There is not enough evidence of the existence of that exoplanet. But there is a possibility that there are many secrets in the Alpha Centauri system, which is the closest solar system, a triple-star system near Earth. The most interesting thing in exoplanet hunting is that those exoplanet candidates are found quite near to us. But if there are big exoplanets hiding in that solar system, that thing opens new paths to the exoplanet hunters. 

"This three-panel image captures NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s observational search for a planet around the nearest Sun-like star, Alpha Centauri A. The initial image shows the bright glare of Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B, and the middle panel then shows the system with a coronagraphic mask placed over Alpha Centauri A to block its bright glare. However, the way the light bends around the edges of the coronagraph creates ripples of light in the surrounding space. " (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Webb May Have Found a Planet Next Door. Then It Vanished)

"The telescope’s optics (its mirrors and support structures) cause some light to interfere with itself, producing circular and spoke-like patterns. These complex light patterns, along with light from the nearby Alpha Centauri B, make it incredibly difficult to spot faint planets. In the panel at the right, astronomers have subtracted the known patterns (using reference images and algorithms) to clean up the image and reveal faint sources like the candidate planet. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Aniket Sanghi (Caltech), Chas Beichman (NExScI, NASA/JPL-Caltech), Dimitri Mawet (Caltech), Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)"(ScitechDaily, NASA’s Webb May Have Found a Planet Next Door. Then It Vanished)

The existence of the planets in a triple star system in orbit that goes between those stars means that there could be many exoplanets waiting for their finder. Finding and confirming an exoplanet in the Alpha Centauri primary system will be far, far more difficult than confirming exoplanets near red dwarfs. The last confirmed exoplanet near Proxima Centauri was found in 2022. And the first of that system’s planets was found in the year 2016. There is still, unconfirmed exoplanet candidate near Proxima. And another interesting thing is that astronomers could confirm exoplanets near Barnard’s Star this year. 

"This image shows the Alpha Centauri star system from several different ground- and space-based observatories: the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS), NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, and NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. Alpha Centauri A is the third brightest star in the night sky, and the closest Sun-like star to Earth." (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Webb May Have Found a Planet Next Door. Then It Vanished)

"The ground-based image from DSS shows the triple system as a single source of light, while Hubble resolves the two Sun-like stars in the system, Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B." (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Webb May Have Found a Planet Next Door. Then It Vanished)

The image from Webb’s MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument), which uses a coronagraphic mask to block the bright glare from Alpha Centauri A, reveals a potential planet orbiting the star. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Aniket Sanghi (Caltech), Chas Beichman (NExScI, NASA/JPL-Caltech), Dimitri Mawet (Caltech), Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI)" (ScitechDaily, NASA’s Webb May Have Found a Planet Next Door. Then It Vanished)

Those very dim and lightweight stars start to wobble if there is a small planet orbiting them. But the problem is that large gas giants can cover the changes that small planets cause to red dwarfs' characteristic movement  under their gravitational effect.  So the exoplanets near G- and K-type stars are far difficult to detect, because their brightness covers them. But also, even the most massive objects cannot cause a wobble in those stars' trajectory across the sky. But the exoplanet in the Alpha Centauri primary system could be an interesting discovery. 

https://www.sciencenewstoday.org/proxima-centauri-a-turbulent-star-with-planetary-consequences

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-webb-may-have-found-a-planet-next-door-then-it-vanished/

https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-135

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri_Bb

Telescopes found a gas giant candidate 4 light-years away.

    Telescopes found a gas giant candidate 4 light-years away. 

"This artist's concept shows what the gas giant orbiting Alpha Centauri A could look like. Observations of the triple-star system Alpha Centauri using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope indicate the potential gas giant, about the mass of Saturn, orbits the star by about two times the distance between the sun and Earth. In this concept, Alpha Centauri A is depicted at the upper left of the planet, while the other sun-like star in the system, Alpha Centauri B, is at the upper right. Our sun is shown as a small dot of light between those two stars. Credit: : NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, R. Hurt (Caltech/IPAC)" (Phys.org, Evidence found for planet around closest sun-like star)

"Now, Webb's observations from its Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) are providing the strongest evidence to date of a gas giant planet orbiting in the habitable zone of Alpha Centauri A. (The MIRI instrument was developed in part by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory [JPL], which is managed by Caltech for NASA). The habitable zone is the region around a star where temperatures could be right for liquid water to pool on a planet's surface." (Phys.org, Evidence found for planet around closest sun-like star)

The new Jupiter- or Saturn-type gas giant orbits Alpha Centauri A. That gas giant is interesting because its location is in the triple-star system. And another interesting thing is that. The exoplanet orbits the Alpha Centauri primary system. We have known for a while that there are two confirmed exoplanets and one exoplanet candidate around Proxima Centauri. But that new gas giant is something else. It orbits Alpha Centauri A, which is likely to be our Sun. And that raises the possibility of finding extraterrestrial life forms from the Alpha Centauri system.  

The fact is that we might not find exocivilization around those stars. And if there are no intelligent lifeforms on some planet, that makes it hard to detect those alien organisms. If those organisms are primitive caryotes, it is very hard to separate their metabolic products from those of other chemical reactions. If the planet is a so-called water world, its entire surface is covered by oceans. And those very primitive algae and bacteria can live in those oceans. 

The first organisms lived in the Earth's oceans. If alien prokaryotes are like the first prokaryotes that lived in the oceans, the atmosphere of the planet can be very hostile. There are many things. That determines whether the water world can support life. If the atmosphere is dense and the gravity is high, that means water cannot boil. 

There are creatures on Earth that can live in very high-temperature water near so-called hydrothermal vents. Those so-called black smokers are a volcanic eruption hole. 

"In contrast to the approximately 2 °C (36 °F) ambient water temperature at these depths, water emerges from these vents at temperatures ranging from 60 °C (140 °F)[6] up to as high as 464 °C (867 °F). Due to the high hydrostatic pressure at these depths, water may exist in either its liquid form or as a supercritical fluid at such temperatures. The critical point of (pure) water is 375 °C (707 °F) at a pressure of 218 atmospheres."  (Wikipedia, hydrothermal vent) 

"The hydrothermal vents are recognized as a type of chemosynthetic based ecosystems (CBE) where primary productivity is fuelled by chemical compounds as energy sources instead of light (chemoautotrophy). Hydrothermal vent communities are able to sustain such vast amounts of life because vent organisms depend on chemosynthetic bacteria for food. " (Wikipedia, hydrothermal vent) 

"The water from the hydrothermal vent is rich in dissolved minerals and supports a large population of chemoautotrophic bacteria. These bacteria use sulfur compounds, particularly hydrogen sulfide, a chemical highly toxic to most known organisms, to produce organic material through the process of chemosynthesis." (Wikipedia, hydrothermal vent) 

The water can be at a very high temperature and support life, because it's in supercritical form. The high pressure and high gravity prevent the water from boiling. There are no bubbles in supercritical water. And that helps organisms survive near black smokers. 

We could see life's building blocks and things like carbon dioxide. But we would not see things like algae from the water planet. Another thing is that there may be no lifeforms in the gas giant's atmosphere. 

However, there is a possibility that those gas giants may have moons similar to Jupiter's Europa. Low gravity and low gas pressure can keep water liquid in low temperatures. So the habitable zone can be far different from what we used to think. Intelligent lifeforms probably don't form on those moons. But primitive algae and bacteria can live in those icy worlds. 

The water moon can host lifeforms like bacteria and algae. But those things are not easy to detect. The planetary models that astronomers use are made using our own solar system as a model. All gas giants in our solar system have moons. So maybe all other gas giants that orbit other than red dwarfs can have moons, or dwarf planets orbiting them. 

https://www.astronomy.com/science/alpha-centauri-planet/

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-webb-finds-new-evidence-for-planet-around-closest-solar-twin/

https://phys.org/news/2025-08-evidence-planet-closest-sun-star.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_d

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_b

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_c

Black holes, fractals, and G-field interaction.

     Black holes, fractals, and G-field interaction. 

"Illustration of two novel theories exploring dark matter origins through a mirror world and early universe horizon." (Rude Baguette, “Dark Matter May Come From A Mirror World”: Bold Theories Suggest Hidden Twin Universe And Particle Factory At The Edge Of The Young Cosmos)

There is a possibility that some conditions in black holes are similar to those in a hypothetical anti-universe. That means black holes can be the source of dark matter. But if that is true. That model requires. There is a small anti-universe, or an anti-universe-like space, in every black hole. And if the only thing that differs between the anti-universe and our universe is the direction of time, that means there can be a small anti-universe in the black holes. Time travels in the opposite direction in black holes. So, maybe there are anti-universe-type conditions, and maybe. Some part of dark matter, or mysterious gravitational effects, forms in black holes. 

The new interesting theory about the origin of dark matter in the anti-universe requires more thinking. The thing is that the dark matter formed in the anti-universe is somehow utopian. However, theoretically, there could be anti-universes or structures that behave like an anti-universe within our universe. Those places are black holes. Behind the event horizon, time should move backward. And that thing can form a small-sized mini-universe in the black hole. 

The problem is how those weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, hypothetical dark matter particles, can escape from the black holes? The black hole vaporization can cause those particles to escape from the black hole. All black holes are losing mass. During that thing, the black hole sends gravitational waves. So, there is a possibility. The gravitational waves form when hypothetical gravitons are left outside the event horizon. When a black hole loses its mass. The event horizon withdraws, and that causes particles like gravitons to be left outside it. 

Another way to think about the black hole vaporization is to think of the black hole as a whirl. That while it always interacts with its environment, as all other whirls do. That whirl causes friction in the medium between the whirl's internal and outside structure. That means the contact between those whirls and the outside environment causes small whirls that steal energy from the higher energy space or field. 

Above: A Fractal can introduce a model of how a black hole, or the whirl in the Gravity, or G-field, creates other whirls around it. When it interacts with the outside G-field. 

The idea is that. The G-field makes a whirl when it impacts with another G-field that moves in another direction. In the same way, water forms whirls into the points where water flows in opposite directions. 

So, if we think that time is also like wave movement, the time that moves backward behind the event horizon can form a whirl in time or 4th. Dimension in the point where time moves forward and backward. And that point is the black hole event horizon. 

When escape velocity turns higher than the speed of light. That means time turns to travel backwards. 

At the point where escape velocity reaches the speed of light, time stops. And then the time starts to travel in the opposite direction when escape velocity turns higher than the speed of light. So, there should be some kind of whirl in time. 

And if we think that a black hole is like a time arrow that moves back in time, that means it should push particles around it forward in time faster than otherwise. That means if we use the time arrow model for that case, the particle near the black hole's event horizon should turn "very light" so that it can fall to the future. That means the time arrow, or the arrow of time, should push particles in the opposite direction when it travels through the spacetime. But that is only a philosophical expansion of that model. 

In the black hole case, the whirl is like in a G-field. That whirl interacts with the G-field that is outside that black hole or dense gravity, or the G-field whirl. When those environments touch each other, that forms a whirl. And that means the event horizon is full of whirls that are lying. The whirl's center is horizontal to the event horizon. And they can drive energy out from a black hole.

In some other models, the event horizon is a layer that seems to be full of photons. Those photons might make it seem like a ball, made of car tyres. That means the gravitons can escape from the middle of those photons. Or they can send gravitational waves to gravitons outside the event horizon. The event horizon can also send whirls inside the event horizon, and that forms entropy in the black hole. 

The idea is that the G-field is an independent energy field. That G-field forms from gravity waves. In black holes, the G-field has a higher energy level than the G-field outside the black hole. That means the G-field travels outside the black hole. The G-field is one of the fields of four fundamental forces. Those forces are gravity, weak, and strong nuclear interactions. And electromagnetism. 

Those fields are independently interacting substances. And that means G-field can rise to a very high energy level, and that doesn't mean that other fields must rise their energy level. But if the G-field is at a very high energy level. Or its density is so high that it can push other fields from around it. In the same way, if the G-field spins fast enough, that thing doesn't let other fields in it. 

The whirl interacts like a wheel that lets material and wave movement travel through the black hole. There could be a superstring or energy string that travels through the center of the whirl. But then. Those whirls are pumping energy out from the black hole. The black hole can also form whirls that can separate from the event horizon. Those whirls are like small kugelblitz-black holes. There is a possibility. Those whirls just explode immediately after they separate from the event horizon. 

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/08/dark-matter-may-come-from-a-mirror-world-bold-theories-suggest-hidden-twin-universe-and-particle-factory-at-the-edge-of-the-young-cosmos/

https://scitechdaily.com/two-wild-new-theories-could-finally-explain-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Multiverse theory, reality, or simply an idea?

  Multiverse theory, reality, or simply an idea? 

Are parallel multiverses real or not? The answer is that we don't know. We have no observations about those things. And that means they are non-proven models or theories. Or, maybe we should call the multiverse: "logical continuum of the universe structures, or models". 

So, it's rather philosophy than a scientific theory. That model explains dark energy, dark matter, and other unknown things as the energy and particles that come from another universe. There are instances where the universe in which we live will fall back to a single point. And then form again. That model is called "phoenix universe". Or in some models, another universe exists in the fourth or higher dimensions. But those models are unproven.. And maybe they will be unproven forever. In some models, things like virtual reality are also part of the multiverse or parallel universe theories. 

Multiverse is the theoretical framework where the universe is introduced as one of many universes. Or is it even a theoretical framework? The fact is that there is no single evidence of that thing. So, the multiverse theory is rather a philosophical conjecture or, so-called, logical expansion of the observations that researchers made of the universe. That means that if we believe the universe is composed of galactic superclusters, other universes would be universe-scale superclusters or hyperclusters. 

The other universe would be so dim that we cannot see it. In that type of observation, stars and other structures in our universe deny that sensors can detect radiation that comes from other universes. If they even exist. And who cares if those other universes exist? The multiverse is one of the models that tries to explain where matter came to our universe. That model could explain where matter came to our universe. But it would not explain where material in other universes came from? 

But there is one very interesting model of the multiverse. That model tells us that maybe we live in a black hole. Those hypothetical models explain why we cannot see things outside the universe that the black hole's material disk and halo press all waves that come from outside into a straight form. That means that we cannot see information in that wave movement. That model means that there can be other universes in the black holes. 

Those things are the fourth dimension. So there is a theoretical model. The black holes involve structures that are like our universe. So, that is one of the models that are made to explain why the universe exists. And the universe is part of the system of internal black holes. That is one of the models of the multiverse theory. 

But does the time reverse destroy that model? If we think of internal black holes, there is a possibility that when information comes to the edge of the next black hole or black hole's event horizon, time starts to move oppositely. So that means every black hole causes time reversal. But does that thing cause retrocausality? The retrocausality means that reaction comes before action. 

Even if those particles turn younger. Don't mean that things start to happen backward. 

Retrocausality seems like somebody looks at the film backwards. Or, that's how we represent that thing. But the fact is that retrocausality is not seen in large-scale structures. That thing is seen only in the smallest subatomic particles and their superposition tests. 

But then we can imagine one of the most interesting things in the multiverse philosophy, or the multiverse hypothesis. That thing is the anti-universe. Time moves backward because the anti-universe is in the middle of the big crunch.  Because particles and quantum fields turn closer and fields turn denser, that means time moves backward in that hypothetical space. But that doesn't necessarily mean that there is retrocausality in that universe. Maybe all things happen the same way as on Earth. But particles turn younger. 

A hypothetical black hole in that hypothetical universe will be an interesting thing. The idea is that time turns to travel backward in the point of the event horizon. So, that means that if the black hole is in an anti-universe, time travels oppositely in that black hole. So if time travels backward in the space behind the event horizon. That means time travels like it does in our universe if time travels backward around the black hole. 

The anti-universe means the universe that falls to the Big Crunch. Because all fields turn denser and stronger, the black hole will expand all the time. That means there is a possibility that this theoretical black hole in the theoretical anti-universe will not send gravity waves, because an expanding event horizon will close gravity waves inside it. The anti-universe doesn't necessarily mean a universe that forms from antimatter. Antimatter is like regular matter otherwise. 

But antimatter electrons have positive and antimatter protons have negative electric polarity. The anti-neutron spin is opposite to that of the neutron.  When an antimatter particle touches its mirror particle, both of those particles turn into radiation in the violent reaction called annihilation. That is the most powerful reaction in the known universe. But otherwise, antimatter reacts the same way to gravity and other fields. Antimatter is planned to be used in spacecraft. Because. It gives a very strong energy load. But that's the own story. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/parallel-universes-multiverse-real/

https://www.space.com/space-exploration/james-webb-space-telescope/is-our-universe-trapped-inside-a-black-hole-this-james-webb-space-telescope-discovery-might-blow-your-mind

https://www.space.com/32728-parallel-universes.html

https://www.sciencenewstoday.org/the-multiverse-are-we-living-in-one-of-many

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrocausality

Radical new theory about dark matter.

    Radical new theory about dark matter.

"An artistic illustration of the mechanism proposed by Professor Stefano Profumo where quantum effects near the rapidly expanding cosmic horizon after the Big Bang gravitationally generate dark matter particles. Credit: Stefano Profumo" (ScitechDaily, Two Wild New Theories Could Finally Explain Dark Matter)

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Next quotes are from ScitechDaily

"One idea envisions a hidden “mirror” universe with its own particles and forces, where the early cosmos forged tiny, incredibly dense black hole–like objects that could make up all the dark matter in existence."

"Another proposes that dark matter emerged from the universe’s rapid expansion, born through quantum radiation at the very edge of the observable cosmos during a short but dramatic period after the Big Bang."

"Both possibilities are grounded in established physics, offering testable explanations that carry forward UC Santa Cruz’s tradition of connecting the smallest particles with the largest cosmic mysteries."

(ScitechDaily, Two Wild New Theories Could Finally Explain Dark Matter)

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The new radical theory explains dark matter as it formed in the quantum fields in the young universe. Or in some other, even more exciting versions, dark matter formed in the mirror universe.  This new theory tries to explain dark matter as particles that formed just after the Big Bang. Then some of those particles stayed in a higher energy level than other material. 

We must notice that the matter that we can detect is a minority in the universe. The term "dark matter" means a gravitational effect that has no visible source. There is a model of a hypothetical tachyon particle. That which travels faster than light leaves a track or hole behind it. That channel is like a hole or a tunnel in the 3rd. Dimension. And that tunnel makes those fields move like real particles. But in that model, tachyons must exist. 

"Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature." (Wikipedia, Meissner effect)

In the gravitational model, Tc (temperature critical) is replaced by Mc (Mass critical). There could also be a critical density at which this thing works. So maybe singularity in black holes or energy in the event horizon makes the gravity behave like EM-fields interact with superconducting objects. Maybe that effect in gravitational form requires that the object is surrounded by an absolutely slight quantum gravity bubble that aims gravity waves around the object. In that model, the object has a slight quantum field that cannot catch and hang onto the outside quantum field around it. That makes outside fields slide around the object. 

G-(gravity)field and dark matter. There is a model that G-field or gravity waves can exist without material or other quantum fields. That means there are four fundamental interactions. Those interactions are gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear interaction, and strong nuclear interaction. Each of those four interactions has its individual transmitter particle. And those interactions have wave and particle forms. Three of those transmitter particles, bosons, are known. The graviton is missing a transmitter particle.

Each of them can form individual fields. Every single field has individual wavelengths. Wavelength in electromagnetic fields is different from the wavelength in the weak nuclear interaction, for example. All of those fields can exist independently. And that means: gravity- or G-field can exist without other fields. 

There is a model of dark matter that suggests it is the graviton, or an extremely small black hole. The idea is that the particle's spin is very fast. And that can form the effect that looks like a Meissner effect. That spin drives makes electromagnetic fields behave like they behave around the superconducting particle. That thing makes those particles invisible. That means that dark matter is free gravitons. 

Those things are still hypothetical particles. And proving that thing requires that dark matter have a particle form. That means things like axions or weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, are the same thing as gravitons. The graviton is a mythical transmitter particle that transmits gravitational waves. That particle is hard to detect. And harder to confirm. The energy flow around that particle allows it to interact. But the interaction point is too small. Or maybe the graviton is like a neutrino, and maybe it can tunnel through matter. 

Another interesting part of the new model is that. The dark matter comes from some kind of anti-universe. There is a possibility that there is a so-called anti-universe. When our universe, or the universe where we live, expands, that anti-universe falls, or reduces. That causes the idea that maybe time travels backward in that anti-universe. But that is one of the models that requires more discussion. 

The thing is that the anti-universe is the place where material turns younger because its energy level rises. Or maybe, we should say that the energy density in the anti-universe causes matter to turn younger. But can the dark matter be material where time moves backward? 

Is it possible that the dark matter is in the bubble, or the so-called WARP bubble, where it gets more energy than it releases? If WIMP or whatever the dark matter particle can be gets more energy than it releases, that means the particle travels opposite in time than all other particles. 

https://scitechdaily.com/two-wild-new-theories-could-finally-explain-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

About scientific theories

 About scientific theories

All scientific theories that we have must be based on some kind of knowledge. Or they should be based on the best available knowledge. We get our knowledge using instruments like telescopes. And that is one of the things that makes science living. Our view of the world is changing all the time, because we get new and more effective instruments to do research. That means things like JWST telescopes bring new and fundamental views into our knowledge. And still, we are looking at precisely the same things that ancient philosophers researched and thought. We know more particles than ancient philosophers. But we still look for the ultimate part of materia. 

That part is the thing that we cannot decay. This is the thing in modern science. We find smaller and smaller structures, but we cannot find the ultimate part that cannot decay anymore. We can discuss things like God. And then we can see that those questions are too hard for people. Sometimes scientists don’t talk about religion because they are afraid of anger. But the other thing is this. Some people say that God is a member of a species that visited a long time ago. That means if a person believes in God, that person believes in other extraterrestrial civilizations. 

And those things are somehow very sensitive things in science. When we talk about the SETI program, we must realize that things like species on other planets were science fiction or pseudoscience a couple of decades ago. In the 1980s, people claimed that there were no other solar systems. And today we know many other solar systems. But we don’t know any other civilization. There was one promising exoplanet where there could be phosphine and methane in its atmosphere. But then the checks deleted those observations. 

The JWST telescope is the first instrument that can research exoplanets' atmospheres. The water planets can host lifeforms like primitive algae. But can there be intelligent and technically advanced lifeforms? The answer can be something that we don’t want to find out. Maybe primitive life is quite a common thing in the universe. But intelligent and technically advanced civilizations are less common. Nobody actually knows if there is some algae in the distant waterworld's oceans until we can fly to those exoplanets. Those algae don’t make any contact with other civilizations. But if we face another intelligent species from another solar system, there is always the possibility that the contact is hostile. 

And then we must remember the dark forest hypothesis. The universe is like a dark forest. We think that we are alone. We can yell and ask if there is somebody. But we cannot know what kind of thing is in the darkness. There can be some kind of bandit waiting for the right moment to strike. And that’s why we should think carefully, if we want to make contact with other civilizations that we don’t know. 

The thing is this. We don’t know anything about the aliens. We have many hypotheses. But those hypothesis bases are in our own culture. There are no officially confirmed alien contacts. That means all our “knowledge” of the other intelligent species is purely hypothetical, or its base is in imagination. And the imagination continues until we get in contact. 

Maybe that contact comes tomorrow, maybe after 1000 years. Maybe it will ever come. The problem is that nobody can predict when the contact will come. Or maybe someday in the distant future, when the Sun turns into a white dwarf, the human civilization moves to another solar system. In that case, our species turns into many other species. When the Sun uses its fuel, humans or our descendants must leave the solar system or face extinction. But those things happen in the distant future. 

https://thatsthenatureoftime.blogspot.com

The arrow of time.

The arrow of time. 

The idea of the arrow of time, or time arrow, is when a high-energy beam or particle travels past some object or particle that transfers energy to that object. That should cause time dilation. But there are two things that make the time arrow unable to work in the modern universe. First, there is too much space in the universe. That means energy that the time arrow pumps to the object just travels away from the object immediately. 

That makes it impossible to see the time arrow and its effect on the object. The other thing is that if we think that time is like a river and we shoot an arrow against the flow, we know that this arrow makes the whirls. But those whirls are so short that we cannot detect them, and turbulence and chaos, and entropy are covering those things. So it's hard to detect the phenomenon that the arrow causes if there are rapids at that point. 

The black hole is one type of time arrow. There we could see the arrow of time. The reason for that is in the material and energy disk that will not let energy out from the black hole. In that case, the material disk acts as the time arrow, and that thing packs energy into the event horizon. So the black hole is like a tube where the high-energy structure pumps energy. Time dilation is also possible to see in places like particle accelerators. Their energy level is so high that researchers can see how the short-lived isotopes exist longer than they should. 

So, what should we do if we want to make a time machine? In this text, a time machine means a system that can travel to the past. We should make the tube or structure through which the laser, or some other particle beam, travel through a tube-shaped structure. The idea is that the tube cannot release its extra energy anywhere. 

The outside energy field must also press that structure into its form. And the beam that travels through the tube pumps energy into it. That thing can cause time dilation in the tube. That is one vision of the thing that bases the idea of the arrow of time. 

The idea is that time is energy. When a particle travels in the universe, it releases energy or receives energy. That means when the particle gets more energy than it receives, the particle turns younger. And if a particle receives energy, it turns older. The thing that makes time machines very hard to make is that the future is at a lower energy level than the past. If we make the time machine, there is a possibility that we will never be able to step out of that system. In the model where time is energy, the lower energy level in the future causes a situation where the energy flow out from the system turns so fast that it destroys the system. 

There is a possibility that the scientists of the future pack data into the balls. Then that researcher creates a black hole around those capsules. And sends information to the past. The system can be based on the spin of the nanotubes. When the capsule is at the right point in time, the system stops its spin. And that should make it possible to transport information through time. 

The idea is that all objects are in a gravitational pothole. That pothole means that all objects that have mass follow the present. The pothole forms in time dilation when spinning particles store energy in it. Or those particles turn the outgoing fields into the form of kinetic energy. When those spinning particles slow, they release their energy. And the present point in time reaches those objects. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

https://thatsthenatureoftime.blogspot.com

The black holes and time reverse.

The black holes and time reverse. 

If we think that black holes travel in the opposite direction in time than other universes because the escape velocity in the event horizon is higher than the speed of light. We must realize that black holes can also give a model of why it's so hard to transmit data from the past to the future. The redshift outside the black hole’s event horizon is extreme. The black hole stretches light. And that means the black hole seems to be at a longer distance than it really is. The gravitational redshift is the thing that stretches space and time. But then. We can go inside the event horizon. 

And ask what makes particles so hard to escape from the black hole, we face an interesting thing. In the event horizon, the wavelength turns extremely short because the outgoing field impacts that information. But outside the event horizon, the gravity stretches the wave movement. 

When particles and wave movement come through the event horizon, that is the point where the escaping velocity reaches the speed of light. This means that for escaping the black hole, the particle must get a speed that is higher than the speed of light. 

The outgoing wave movement impacts particles that are just below the event horizon. There is a possibility that particles and wave movement start to rotate the center of the black hole just below the event horizon. And it's possible that those particles can reflect radiation that attempts to get out from the event horizon. The wavelength of the wave movement that tries to escape from the black hole becomes extremely short. The outgoing wave movement presses the incoming wave movement into the black hole. When the wave turns shorter, it turns higher. And there is the quantum show behind it. 

 But if some kind of radiation tries to escape from the event horizon, that thing faces an interesting effect. The wave that turns very short inside the black hole will stretch outside it. And the end of the wave is in the event horizon. That pulls energy out from that wave that falls back into the event horizon. But then we can see the event horizon. If the energy level of that point is higher than the energy level in the event horizon, that thing presses all particles back to the black hole. 

The shape of a black hole is the whirl or whirling pothole in the quantum fields or spacetime. That whirl can take information to the point where a black hole forms. 

Then we can go to the time travel paradox: why is it so hard to get information from the future to the past? 

The model goes like this. Time is the dimension that flows from the beginning of time to the ultimate end of time. The energy level in the future is lower than the energy level in the past. The reason why it's so hard to get information from the future is that. When information travels against the time flow in a wave form, that time flow will turn that wave shorter. So the information wave that comes from the future will be very short. The idea is the same as putting a serpentine to the river. 

From the upper river that is past the serpentine, it keeps its form or stretches. But if the serpentine tries to travel back to the upper flow, it turns short or it warps. If we connect that information wave to the higher energy particle, which allows the information to travel against time. We face one thing. That time flow will pull the serpentine straight. Another problem is that if an extremely high mass object is connected to information and travels in time flow, it’s possible that it turns into another black hole. And information cannot be reached until the black hole is vaporized. 

There is an interesting model that the hypothetical civilization at the end of time sends an information ball to the past. They create a black hole that travels to the past. That civilization will create massive data storage and then lock those archives into the black hole. That information travels to the beginning of time. The idea is that all black holes can travel in time. But they cannot create information from nowhere. They store information that they collect from their trip to the point where the black hole’s existence began. But the theoretical artificial black hole at the end of time will not include information that is naturally stored in it. But it can transport a library or archive to the past. 

https://thatsthenatureoftime.blogspot.com

Are the “red little dots” in the young universe so-called quasi-stars?

"By all rights, they shouldn’t exist. When NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) first opened its eyes to the distant past, it spotted hundreds of tiny, brilliant objects glowing red in the infant universe — just 600 million years after the Big Bang. These “little red dots,” as astronomers came to call them, gleamed with such surprising brightness and density that they seemed to defy the basic rules of cosmology."Mysterious red dots may be a peculiar cosmic hybrid between a star and a black hole."(ZmeScience, The Universe’s First “Little Red Dots” May Be a New Kind of Star With a Black Hole Inside")

Little red dots are the first star-shaped objects in the universe. There is a new theory that those little red dots can be so-called quasi-stars. Quasi-stars are hypothetical star-shaped objects that get their energy from the black hole inside them. But can those objects exist in the universe where we live? Or could they exist only in the young universe? 

The hypothetical quasi-stars are star-like objects that get their power from black holes inside them. The idea in quasi-stars is that those black holes can lock particles around the event horizon, forming objects that look like stars. For a long time, researchers thought that the quasi-stars could be very large stars. But there is one thing that makes those quasi-stars more interesting than ever before. That thing is the primordial black hole. In models, primordial black holes can be very small and lightweight. Those low-mass black holes can be very small. Also, things like black hole relativistic jets can press even planets into black holes. 

In Einstein’s models, every particle or object can turn into a black hole. That means there can be very small black holes. The smallest possible black holes, called quantum-size black holes, are quarks or gluons that energy presses into an extremely dense form. In some models, those quantum-size black holes can be in your room. They are so small that they cannot pull particles inside them. But there is a possibility that things like ultra-heavy neutron stars can involve black holes. 

(ZmeScience, The Universe’s First “Little Red Dots” May Be a New Kind of Star With a Black Hole Inside")

The hollow neutron shell can orbit the small black hole. The neutron structure will be locked around the event horizon. That neutron shell can rotate the black hole in a “safe distance”. That kind of object looks like a massive neutron star. But it would involve a black hole. The existence of that kind of thing can be proven in the cases where the neutron star seems too massive. 

Those black holes can be grapefruit-sized, extremely high-energy objects. In some models, quasi-stars are not possible in our universe. Except for those things formed in the early universe. Or there is also the possibility that the low mass black hole can form a quasi-star around it if that thing is in the dense supernova remnant. But there is also a possibility that an extremely low mass black hole can form a planet-shaped shell around it. In that case, the water molecules or things like metal or silicone crystals can form ball-shaped structures around them. 

There is a possibility that some very hot red dwarfs or stars like Spica could be the quasistars. The thing is that the small, low-mass black hole can still lurk in our solar system. And there is a possibility that this exciting object can hide under the icy shell of some dwarf planet. That is the thing that can make the “ninth planet” exist and explain why it cannot be seen from Earth. So there can be something very massive lurking in our solar system. 

https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/49910160

https://blog.sciandnature.com/2024/09/little-black-holes-in-our-solar-system.html

https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/miniature-black-holes-could-be-hollowing-out-planets-and-zipping-through-our-bodies-new-study-claims

https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planet-x/

https://www.sciencealert.com/something-massive-could-still-be-hiding-in-the-shadows-of-our-solar-system

https://www.zmescience.com/science/news-science/the-universes-first-little-red-dots-may-be-a-new-kind-of-star-with-a-black-hole-inside/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_black_hole

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-star