Why is the sky blue? From a Newton's apple to a large Hadron collider.

"When the electroweak symmetry is broken, the W+ gets its mass by eating the positively charged Higgs, the W- by eating the negatively charged Higgs, and the Z0 by eating the neutral Higgs. The other neutral Higgs becomes the Higgs boson, detected and discovered earlier this decade at the LHC. The photon, the other combination of the W3 and the B boson, remains massless.(BigThink, The Higgs boson’s most captivating puzzle still remains) The Higgs boson's energy level is about 125 GeV. That means its existence is very short. The Higgs boson is the last particle, that researchers could connect into a standard model. The Higgs boson may be the last particle, that we can find using particle accelerators that fit on Earth. Maybe the Higgs boson is not the particle that Peter Higgs predicted in 1963, but that is speculation.  The Higgs boson is unique because it's the only known scalar boson. There is suspicion that there could be other scalar bosons. But those scalar bosons are...

Researchers use supermassive and massive objects to observe the dark matter. The dark matter is the gravitational effect, and researchers use things like galactic clusters to see how the dark matter bends the light. Researchers calculate how much those objects should weigh. Then they, see how much the object turns or blends the light in the gravity lens. That tells what is the real mass of the object.  In some models dark matter or weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) are inside all or some other particles. The idea for that is from the observation that protons involved charm quark. The charm quark is a more massive particle than a proton. That gave the idea that the charm quark might hover in protons. And the next idea was this. Maybe dark matter's WIMP particle hovers in some other particle.  Because dark matter interacts with gravity as well as visible material. Researchers should find dark matter near massive objects or gravity centers. The thing that makes this mys...

Gravity affects quantum or energy fields. Those fields are things that we can call dimensions. And we can say that space is like water. Gravity is like flow that takes particles with it.  We can think that the black hole's gravity field model is like a sombrero. Or actually, we can say that the gravitational field of a black hole is like a sombrero where is a hole or channel in the middle. The spin of that structure is the thing that acts as a generator. That keeps this structure in its form. The black hole will not create energy.  It just moves energy from one place to another. The energy in that structure is in the form of gravity. And black holes turn all other three fundamental forces, electromagnetism, and weak and strong nuclear forces into gravity. So it adjusts the wave movement's frequency to the gravity frequency. We can say that this channel is the low-pressure area in the gravity field. The outside energy pushes that structure against this channel. That low-pressur...

"Researchers at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory are harnessing artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance fusion energy production, tackling the challenge of controlling plasma reactions. Their innovations include optimizing the design and operation of containment vessels and using AI to predict and manage instabilities, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of fusion reactions. This technology has been successfully applied in tokamak reactors, advancing the field towards viable commercial fusion energy. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, AI-Powered Fusion: The Key to Limitless Clean Energy) The next-generation fusion systems use AI to control the environment. In Tokamak-type fusion reactors, the plasma, temperature is far higher than the Sun's core orbits in a donut shape accelerator. The plasma hovers in a magnetic field, that presses it in the shape of wire.  When the system ignites the fusion the ignition lasers or opposite pole ...

The ice-cube sensor detected the high-energy tau-neutrinos. Those mysterious ghost particles' form and weak interaction are some of the most interesting things in the universe. The neutrino is sometimes called a "grey photon". The weak interaction means that the neutrino can travel through planets without interaction. And only direct impact with other atoms makes that mysterious particle interact and release its energy.  The thing that could help to solve the mystery of neutrinos is the charm quark, that researchers discovered in the proton. The charm quark is more massive than other particles in the proton. So the charm quark is heavier than a proton, where it should be involved. Maybe charm quark spins so fast that it hovers in the proton.  The idea is that fast-spinning particle makes the quantum supercavitation effect. When the propeller super cavitates, it starts to spin in a bubble, where it cannot touch the water. So we can use supercavitation as the model of how t...

"Quantum teleportation researchers have developed a method to improve teleportation quality in noisy conditions by using hybrid entanglement of photons, achieving nearly perfect state transfers. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Turning Quantum Noise Into a Teleportation Breakthrough) In quantum teleportation, particles like photon transport their information into another particle without moving themselves. In that system, the laser, or some other energy source creates the electromagnetic electromagnetic shadow behind another photon or other elementary particle.  Then, that electromagnetic shadow moves wave movement to another similar particle and synchronizes its oscillation frequency the same as the sending particle has. The very important thing is that the receiving particle is in the lower energy level. When those particles reach the same energy level the standing wave pushes those particles away. And that breaks the quantum entanglement. Another thing that disturb...

"Argonne National Laboratory scientists have used anomaly detection in the ATLAS collaboration to search for new particles, identifying a promising anomaly that could indicate new physics beyond the Standard Model. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, New Particle? AI Detected Anomaly May Uncover Novel Physics Beyond the Standard Model) The AI detected some kind of anomaly in the CERN ATLAS system. That anomaly can mean that there is some new particle. The new particle can be something that takes us beyond the standard model. The new particle is easy to connect to the standard model. The model itself is open. But the new particle can mean that the missing particle between the Higgs Boson and the photon is found.  If we think that all bosons are like W and Z bosons. Maybe, the Higgs boson is another part of some other boson pair. The W and Z bosons transmit the weak nuclear force. Another boson pushes. And another pull. So maybe the Higgs Boson's pair is missing. That ...

MIT researchers found a new photo-molecular phenomenon. That light can vaporize water without heat. There has been suspicion that this kind of phenomenon exists. But this is the first evidence of that phenomenon. Light inputs energy into atoms, and then those atoms release extra energy into their environment.  Photo vaporization releases vapor from the water surface. Atoms release energy that they get into another atom. At the point of the surface tension, the water molecules resonate when light inputs energy to them. That forms standing waves between those water molecules, and then that energy starts to drive water molecules up. This effect is possible if the light affects all water molecules on the surface. In that case, there is no space where energy can travel.  Developers can use photo vaporization to make purified water.  That effect makes space around the atoms. And it separates water molecules from their entirety. The effect. Where light vaporizes water without he...

"The simulated image shows how black holes bend a starry background and capture light, producing black hole silhouettes" (Interesting engineering, Ultralight, undying black holes could be all around the Universe) The term: "ultralight black holes" consists of planetary mass black holes, atom, and quantum size black holes. The "Kugelblitz" black holes can be very light. "Kugelblitz"- black holes form straight from radiation. In certain situations, the FRB or some other energy burst that impacts the planet's atmosphere can press the planet so dense, that it turns into a black hole.  Theoretically, also atoms and all other particles can turn into a black hole if they impact with an energy load that is high enough. In those cases, energy impulses press the atom's quantum fields symmetrically, and that energy pushes all particles in the atoms into one entirety.  Can ultralight or quantum-size black holes be undying? The black hole is like a bu...

"Researchers discovered a significant magnesium anomaly in a meteorite’s dust particle, challenging current astrophysical models and suggesting new insights into hydrogen-burning supernovas. (Artist’s concept.)Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rare Dust Particle From Ancient Extraterrestrial Meteorite Challenges Astrophysical Models) If the star is too heavy when its fusion reaction starts, it can detonate just at that moment, when its fusion starts. If the collapsing nebula is heavy enough, it can form a black hole straight from the nebula. But if the nebula's gravity is too heavy to  form  the blue giant or too  small  it can collapse  straight  into a black hole . If  the forming star is a little bit larger than the blue supergiants. It can explode immediately when the fusion starts.    The theory of hydrogen-burning supernovas consists  model  of the giant stars that explode immediately after their fusion starts. When the...

"Physicists have successfully identified and manipulated a specific thorium atomic nucleus state using a laser. This discovery enables the merging of classical quantum physics and nuclear physics, promising advancements in precision measurement technologies and fundamental physics, including the potential development of a nuclear clock surpassing current atomic clocks in accuracy. A laser beam hits thorium nuclei, embedded in a crystal. Credit: TU Wien" (ScitechDaily, Decades in the Making: Laser Excites Atomic Nucleus in Groundbreaking Discovery) During a groundbreaking study, researchers manipulated a single thorium atom's nucleus. The ability to manipulate atoms and their nucleus allows the system to store data in those atoms.  If the system can have the ability to store and transmit data between atoms and in their electrons can used in the next-generation quantum processor. The ability to write and read data into atoms requires. The system can measure differences in t...