The term 4D metamaterial means a material which involves a synthetic dimension. That 4D material is connected to the electromagnetic field. Or some other particles like, for example, neutrinos or free quarks injected between electrons. Or there is created some kind of electromagnetic strings.
When radiation or wave movement stresses those extra particles or electromagnetic strings it forms an extra dimension in the material. The problem with those extra particles is that they must be small enough that the energy impulse that the particle sends while energy stress ends will not break structures in the material.
The system creates that extra dimension in those extra particles. Those extra particles could be particles like neutrinos that normally are not part of an atom's structures. Or they can be as an example, quarks trapped between electron shells. In some visions of those metamaterials are the quantum towers or quantum-size pins. Then the electromagnetic fields are like quantum lightning between those pins.
In some visions, those pins are neutrons that are trapped in the frame. The frame rotates neutrons. And in that process, the electromagnetic string will jump out from those neutron's poles. And the system stresses those strings with radiation. The energy level in those strings rises so high, that they form small synthetic extra dimensions in those particles.
If radiation comes from the metamaterial and outside the material the thing forms an electromagnetic press or standing wave precisely in those quantum strings. And that creates the synthetic dimension in that metamaterial. The problem is how to make material interact with that high-energy field.
In those models, the system stresses those extra particles by using electromagnetic radiation. And then. The system creates The extra dimension in those particles trapped between electrons. But the problem is this. When energy stress ends the particle removes its extra energy. And that breaks the electron shells of the atoms.
So the stressed particle must be something else than an electron or quark. If a quark is stressed by energy the energy burst that it sends when the energy pump ends causes resonation in other quarks. And that can break protons and neutrons. In those extra dimension models the quark would be put between electrons, and then radiation rises its energy level so much that it could form an extra dimension in that material.
In regular material is three main blocks. Protons, neutrons and electrons. In those new materials, there is an electromagnetic wave movement or some other element that is not in regular material connected with that 4D material. Sometimes is introduced that between electrons in electrons locked the neutrinos or some other extra particles.
And neutrino radiation will rise those neutrino's energy levels so high, that it can form the synthetic fourth dimension. Theoretically, neutrino radiation is easy to make. Researchers must just stress neutrinos by using photons. But the problem is that neutrinos are hard to trap.
There is the possibility that those 4D metamaterials can create an antenna that can touch dark matter. The idea is that the electromagnetic wave movement would put layer to layer on that antenna. And maybe that allows to create the structure that can interact with WIMPs. But the problem is that the energy minimum principle makes it hard to lock those wave movement layers. That means energy flows to lower energy layers.
https://interestingengineering.com/science/new-4d-metamaterial-could-advance-quantum-computing
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