CERN detected the decay of kaon.

"An ultra-rare particle decay process could broaden our understanding of how the building blocks of matter interact. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, CERN’s Game Changer: Rare Decay Observation Hints at New Physics)

"CERN scientists observed a rare kaon decay into a pion and two neutrinos, a significant find confirming predictions of the Standard Model and hinting at possible new physics."(ScitechDaily, CERN’s Game Changer: Rare Decay Observation Hints at New Physics)

The decay of kaon into two neutrinos and one pion is one of the most incredible things in physics. That thing helps to understand particles and their formation. That decay follows the predictions of the Standard model and that is the path of the new era of physics. The kaon decay is one of the rarest things in history. 

Mesons are unstable versions of hadrons. The most well-known stable versions of hadrons called baryons are protons and neutrons. 

Kaon, or K-meson is one hadron. The mesons are another very unstable part of hadrons, and the reason for that is that mesons involve antimatter. Mesonic hadron involves a quark and its anti-quark pair. When particles in that particle-antiparticle pair touch each other. That causes annihilation. And the meson is destroyed. The problem is how to keep those quark-anti-quark pairs away from each other. The electromagnetic force pulls the antiparticle to its particle pair. 

The pions are the lightest mesons. There is only one quark and antiquark in those particles. The pion is the thing, that can be stabilized if the system can put that particle to spin very fast. The idea is that the spinning movement or quantum centripetal force stretches the quantum field around those two particles. That effect should keep them away from each other. The other version is to use magnets to keep those particles away from each other. 

"A hadron is a composite subatomic particle. Every hadron must fall into one of the two fundamental classes of particle, bosons and fermions." (Wikipedia, Hadron)

Dark energy may come from oscillating superstrings. 

That thing can open a route to understanding what makes material. In some models, the elementary particles are hollow from the inside. That means the energy level in those particles' shells could be lower than outside. That means the particles are whisk-shaped structures and the outside electromagnetic- or quantum field keeps that structure in its form.

This explains the effect of annihilation. The opposite quantum fields push those superstrings away. Then the outcoming energy fields fall into the particle and then it pumps energy to those superstrings that collide. That effect makes those particles behave like vacuum bombs. And that thing can also explain part of the mysterious dark energy. In this model, dark energy is the wave movement the source is the oscillating superstrings. 

The shell of the particle is formed of superstrings. Those superstrings are the particle's outer shell. And the energy waves that are leaving into particles reflect from the standing wave in the middle of them.  That energy causes oscillation in the particle's shell. And that oscillation travels through the universe. I dare to say that this thing can be the source of dark energy. 

And that decay can help to understand how particles and electromagnetic fields reached the energy level that made material in the form as we know it. In the young universe could be particles and particle pairs that don't exist anymore. Conditions were different in that very high-energy universe. And the difference between energy levels were not as high as they are today. The extremely high energy particles are things that tell their story about the era at the beginning of the time. 

By the way...

Could there be annihilation in the young universe, where extremely strong outside quantum fields close annihilation radiation and product particles inside it? In the young universe, the energy level was higher than in the modern universe. But differences between energy levels were smaller than in our universe. And maybe that formed a situation in which particles and radiation couldn't escape from annihilation. That could explain where some particles went in the new universe. 

Theoretically is possible to create the particle-antiparticle compound. But that requires situations where the outside energy field is so powerful that it can keep that annihilation radiation inside it. The particle-antiparticle compounds are not similar particle compounds. In that reaction, the annihilation melts those particles into new entirety. 

This reaction is not possible in the modern universe, because quantum fields around those particles are too weak. The idea is that maybe in a very young universe, the energy level was so high, that outside the quantum field was so powerful that it could keep annihilation radiation and the particles that annihilation produced under one field. It's possible that in the young, high-energy universe were different types of reactions than in the modern cold universe. 

https://home.cern/news/press-release/physics/na62-experiment-cern-observes-ultra-rare-particle-decay

https://scitechdaily.com/cerns-game-changer-rare-decay-observation-hints-at-new-physics/

https://futurism.com/the-byte/cern-particle-accelerator-kaon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion

Nuclear reactions don't create energy. They release it from the bonds between particles.

 

"The strong force plays a crucial role in particle physics by holding quarks together to form protons and neutrons, and these in turn to form nuclei. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Science Made Simple: What Is the Strong Nuclear Force?)

"The strong force is essential in particle physics, binding subatomic particles like quarks into protons and neutrons, and these into nuclei, despite the repulsive electromagnetic force between like-charged protons." (ScitechDaily, Science Made Simple: What Is the Strong Nuclear Force?)

"The strong force is essential in particle physics, binding subatomic particles like quarks into protons and neutrons, and these into nuclei, despite the repulsive electromagnetic force between like-charged protons." (ScitechDaily, Science Made Simple: What Is the Strong Nuclear Force?)

The transportation particle of the strong nuclear force is gluon. Gluon is a smaller particle than W and Z bosons and electrons. When gluon sends wave movement it must travel through entire atoms. Atoms also send another type of radiation that transports weak nuclear interactions and electromagnetism. Those energy types interact with other parts of atoms. That means they can cover radiation or wave movement that transports strong nuclear force below them. 

The source of radiation that a strong nuclear force sends is smaller than a source of electromagnetism or a weak nuclear force. The radiation that a strong nuclear force or its transportation particle sends has a very short wavelength. That weak force and EM radiation cover the radiation or wave movement of strong nuclear force below them. 

When we use nuclear energy, we normally use fission energy. In fission, the heavy atom decays. That decay releases energy that is stored in bonds between protons and neutrons. The force that keeps the atom's nucleus in one part is called weak nuclear force. The weak nuclear force is the interaction between W and Z bosons and baryons. Nuclear fission releases energy from bonds that keep the atom's core in one form. The difference between nuclear and chemical energy is that. Chemical energy releases energy, that is stored in bonds between atoms. 

The weak nuclear force means energy that is stored in bonds between protons and neutrons. In nuclear fusion, two atoms collide and in that process, there is releasing much more energy than in nuclear fission. In fusion the quantum fields around the atoms impact. And that forms the standing wave. The atoms must press themselves through that standing wave. This is why successful fusion requires an asymmetrical atom pair. 

Deuterium-tritium fusion is successful in thermonuclear weapons because those hydrogen isotopes are asymmetrical. If the reactor tries to make the fusion between two deuterium atoms that thing creates a standing wave between symmetrical quantum fields. For making fusion the atom nucleus must travel through that standing wave. And that is impossible if those quantum fields are at the same energy level. 

When we talk about things like nuclear reactions, we normally say that chemical- or nuclear reactions create energy. In that case, we are wrong. Nuclear or chemical reaction reactions do not create energy. Those reactions release energy that is stored in the bonds between or in the particles and subatomic particles. 

Nuclear fusion releases more energy than fission because energy comes from different points. The field that releases the energy in fusion is much more homogenous than the field that releases energy in fission. Also, energy eruption starts from outside the atoms.  That means the electrons and quantum fields don't absorb energy like they do in nuclear fission. 

In nuclear fission, energy is released from the bonds between protons and neutrons. The energy must travel through electron shells that absorb part of it. And part of the energy goes into those electrons and quantum fields around those atoms. 

Annihilation is the ultimate, extreme version of the nuclear reactions. In that reaction, the impact between the particle- and its antiparticle pair releases energy that is stored in the particles themselves. Or it can release energy stored in the bonds between quarks if the annihilation happens between the baryon- and its antibaryon pair. 

What is a strong nuclear force? 

Strong nuclear force is one of the four fundamental interactions. That force keeps the quarks together. The strong nuclear interaction has a boson-transporter called gluon. So, we can say that a strong nuclear force is an interaction between gluon and quarks. But that thing is not as simple as I just wrote. The strong nuclear interaction also affects elementary particles. When as an example electrons and positrons impact that impact also turns those particles into energy. 

In some forms, the gluon is two particles that form a lower energy point that pulls quarks into one entirety. The strong interaction is the thing that keeps baryon or baryonic hadrons like protons and neutrons together.  The strong nuclear interaction effects also in mesons. Mesons are short-living quark-antiquark groups, and they are other hadronic particles. 

When we are looking at the strong interaction we can see that interaction in annihilation. In annihilation, the particle and its mirror-particle called commonly antiparticle turn into the energy or wave movement.  Otherways saying annihilation releases energy that is stored in the bonds between quarks. In other cases where the quark impacts with its antiquark pair, the annihilation releases energy stored in the quark's structure. Electrons behave similar way as quarks. When an electron meets its antiparticle pair called positron that impact releases energy, that is stored in the electron's structure. 

https://scitechdaily.com/science-made-simple-what-is-the-strong-nuclear-force/

https://scitechdaily.com/science-made-simple-what-is-the-weak-nuclear-force/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_hydride

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

What makes it hard to create a room-temperature superconductor?

"The discovery of wave-like Cooper pairs in Kagome metals introduces a new era in superconductivity research, offering potential for innovative quantum devices and superconducting electronics, driven by theoretical predictions and recent experimental validations. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Kagome Metals Unlocked: A New Dimension of Superconductivity)

"Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in superconductors: materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Unlike an ordinary metallic conductor, whose resistance decreases gradually as its temperature is lowered, even down to near absolute zero, a superconductor has a characteristic critical temperature below which the resistance drops abruptly to zero. An electric current through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source" (Wikipedia, Superconductivity)

Theoretically, a superconducting electric circuit or antenna can make the perpetual motion machine possible. The superconducting wires can collect so much energy from electromagnetic fields that the system will not need another energy source. The problem with superconducting computers is that the components are hard to control in superconducting conditions. 

But laser rays can be used to warm those components in critical positions and the laser rays can switch material from superconducting to resistant and back. The temperature in those critical components than in switches, can be kept near the superconducting and resistant border. The lasers can jump that component between superconducting and resistant states. And that can make superconducting computers possible.  

Superconductivity is a key to compact quantum computers. The problem is how to make that thing without great energy use. Room-temperature superconductors are not yet possible. However, the system that includes low-temperature components and lasers that create pressure that stabilizes atoms may make it possible to create a portable quantum computer. 

The laser that raises the temperature in the superconducting wires makes it possible to create the superconducting binary computer. The laser system can adjust the temperature in switches and routers. Lasers can remove superconduction. That denies the uncontrollable electricity jump over the switch.

Above: Hall effect. In diagram A, the flat conductor possesses a negative charge on the top (symbolized by the blue color) and a positive charge on the bottom (red color). In B and C, the direction of the electrical and the magnetic fields are changed respectively which switches the polarity of the charges around. In D, both fields change direction simultaneously which results in the same polarity as in diagram A. electrons flat conductor, which serves as a hall element (hall effect sensor) magnet magnetic field power source" (Wikipedia, Hall effect)

1) electrons

2) flat conductor, which serves as a hall element (hall effect sensor)

3) magnet

4) magnetic field

5) power source

(Wikipedia, Hall effect)

That means electrons in the farthest orbitals are far away from the atom's nucleus. The orbitals of those electrons that orbit a very low energy atom can cross the most out electrons orbitals in the other atom. That melts those atom's quantum fields melt to the one entirety. Electricity is the wave movement between electrons in the wire's shell. The resistance or the Hall effect is the standing wave between the atoms or their quantum fields. If those quantum fields are melted together. 

That allows the wave to travel across a single homogenous quantum field. Resistance forms when electricity jumps from one quantum field into another. When electricity jumps to another quantum field across the hole. That makes the receiving quantum field oscillate. 

"Mid-infrared laser pulses coherently drive atomic modes in YBa2Cu3O6.48 and stabilize superconducting fluctuations at high temperature. This quantum coherence leads to the ultrafast expulsion of a static magnetic field. Credit: S. Fava / J. Harms, MPSD" (ScitechDaily, Light-Induced Superconductivity: A New Frontier in Quantum Physics)

But then we can ask what is superconduction. The electricity that flows without resistance is superconduction. At a very low temperature, there is no oscillation in the wire. And that denies the resistance. But there are also more things than just the low temperatures that make wire superconducting. In a very low temperature. The atoms in wires are Bose-Einstein condensate. 

That oscillation sends waves back to the direction where electricity came. This thing makes the standing waves that we know as resistance. If there are no holes between quantum fields. And those fields melted into one entirety. That makes those things superconducting. 

The standing waves act like Tesla coils and send wave movement to the sides of those wires. Because there are no standing waves, that makes it impossible to eavesdrop from the sides. Radiowaves that travel to the sides of the wire cause energy loss. And standing waves destroy information. 

When we think about light-conducted superconduction. That means the laser light will make a similar situation, as low temperature makes in the wires. A laser beam increases the atom's nucleus energy level, which pushes electrons farther from the atom's nucleus. This system turns atoms into conditions. That we could call the high-temperature version of Bose-Einstein condensate. 

The problem with room-temperature superconductors is that make the atoms that are large enough a room temperature. The large atom means that the farthest orbital of those atoms' electrons must be enough far away from the atom's nucleus. That allows those atoms to make the chains where the electricity can travel through the homogenous quantum field. 

https://scitechdaily.com/kagome-metals-unlocked-a-new-dimension-of-superconductivity/

https://scitechdaily.com/light-induced-superconductivity-a-new-frontier-in-quantum-physics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity

Spinning cylinders prove a 50-year-old physics problem.

"Scientists at the University of Southampton have experimentally proven the Zel’dovich effect by amplifying electromagnetic waves using a spinning metal cylinder, confirming a theoretical prediction from the 1970s and opening new avenues in technology and quantum physics. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, 50-Year-Old Physics Theory Proven for the First Time With Electromagnetic Waves)

"“Colleagues and I successfully tested this theory in sound waves a few years ago, but until this most recent experiment, it hadn’t been proven with electromagnetic waves. Using relatively simple equipment – a resonant circuit interacting with a spinning metal cylinder – and by creating the specific conditions required, we have now been able to do this.” (ScitechDaily, 50-Year-Old Physics Theory Proven for the First Time With Electromagnetic Waves)

Researchers amplified electromagnetic waves using spinning metal cylinders. That experiment proved the Sunyaev–Zeldovich, SZ effect, is vital for galactic masses and quantum phenomena. The SZ or Zeldovich effect can make many theoretical things possible. The SZ effect can probably help to make the WARP bubble. Even if the WARP drive for the spacecraft is in the distant future, that thing can made for qubits. In that case, the WARP bubble transports electrons through the air. That can make a great revolution for the quantum internet. 

The Zeldovich effect or literary "The Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect (named after Rashid Sunyaev and Yakov B. Zeldovich and often abbreviated as the SZ effect) is the spectral distortion of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) through inverse Compton scattering by high-energy electrons in galaxy clusters, in which the low-energy CMB photons receive an average energy boost during collision with the high-energy cluster electrons. Observed distortions of the cosmic microwave background spectrum are used to detect the disturbance of density in the universe. Using the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect, dense clusters of galaxies have been observed." (Wikipedia, Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect)

"Equipment used to complete the Zel’dovich experiment. Credit: University of Southampton" (ScitechDaily, 50-Year-Old Physics Theory Proven for the First Time With Electromagnetic Waves)

"The Zel’dovich effect works on the principle that waves with angular momentum, that would usually be absorbed by an object, actually become amplified by that object instead, if it is rotating at a fast enough angular velocity. In this case, the object is an aluminum cylinder and it must rotate faster than the frequency of the incoming radiation,” explains a Research Fellow at the University of Southampton, Dr. Marion Cromb." (ScitechDaily, 50-Year-Old Physics Theory Proven for the First Time With Electromagnetic Waves)

That thing causes interesting ideas for modeling things like black holes and fast-rotating neutron stars' interaction with electromagnetic fields. In some interesting visions, the black hole or neutron star can have a faster than incoming radiation including gravitational radiation. That thing can mean that the incoming radiation that normally reflects turns stronger. 

The idea is that the fast-rotating cylinder moves kinetic energy to the reflecting waves. That can help make models for things like black holes. Because fast-rotating cylinders are making this thing to electromagnetic waves that thing can happen also in gravity waves. The SZ effect can also make it possible to create futuristic engines and other, stealth systems. The SZ effect makes it possible to create very highly accurate counterwaves that can deny the incoming waves from reaching the object. Or energy impulses that make the crafts hover in the air. 

https://scitechdaily.com/50-year-old-physics-theory-proven-for-the-first-time-with-electromagnetic-waves/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_scattering

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunyaev%E2%80%93Zeldovich_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_drive

The new systems can detect single gravitons.

"A team led by Stevens professor Igor Pikovski has proposed a way to detect single gravitons, the quantum particles of gravity, using advanced quantum sensing technology. Their research suggests this long-thought-impossible experiment may soon become feasible with future technological advancements. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" ScitechDaily, Thought To Be Impossible: Scientists Propose Groundbreaking Method To Detect Single Gravitons)

Researchers detected the graviton-looking particles in quantum experiments. In those experiments, they measured EM interactions with semiconducting materials. Researchers took those tests at three universities. "A team of scientists from Columbia, Nanjing University, Princeton, and the University of Munster, writing in the journal Nature, have presented the first experimental evidence of collective excitations with spin called chiral graviton modes (CGMs) in a semiconducting material." (ScitechDaily, From Theory to Reality: Graviton-like Particles Found in Quantum Experiments)

The graviton is the particle that should exist if gravity is an independent force like strong and weak nuclear interactions and electromagnetism. Each of those interactions has an individual transmitter particle called a boson. Fermions are particles that form material. Quarks and leptons are fermions. That means graviton should be boson too. The biggest difference between bosons and fermions is that boson's spin is 1 and fermion's spin is 1/2.  

"Light probing a chiral graviton mode in a fractional quantum Hall effect liquid. Credit: Lingjie Du, Nanjing University" (ScitechDaily, From Theory to Reality: Graviton-like Particles Found in Quantum Experiments)

But what is the transmitter particle, or what does that particle do when it transmits interaction?

Each of the four fundamental forces is interaction. That means the smaller part of the fundamental interactions also pulls the objects together. And because all other than fundamental interactions gravity has a repel effect the same force also pushes objects away from each other. Fundamental interactions are also wave movement or radiation. 

So, when the boson or transmitter particle transmits fundamental force, that particle sends the wave movement. The wavelength of the wave movement determines which is the case of the force. In simpler saying, each fundamental interaction has its individual wavelength. That means gravity has a different wavelength than electromagnetism. So the graviton should just send the gravitational radiation. 

When we talk about repel interactions and things like antigravity, we should look at other well-known interactions like electromagnetism. The idea is that the magnetic and electric fields are orbiting magnets. The EM field just surrounds the magnet, and then if we put the N pole against the S pole, that thing pulls magnets together. The thing is that. The magnetic field orbits the magnet and the field returns to the magnet into its poles. Or it comes out from another pole and returns from another pole. 

When we put the N pole against another magnet's N pole (or S-pole against S-pole) we see that magnets push each other away. When magnets pull each other there forms a small EM, or quantum low pressure between those opposite poles. And the surrounding field pushes magnets together. When the same like poles(like S-pole against S pole) are against each other there forms standing waves between those magnets. That standing wave pushes those magnets away from each other. 

In weak nuclear interaction, the Z, and W (W+ and W-) bosons act like magnet poles. If the W boson is against the W boson the weak nuclear interaction repels the protons and neutrons. 

Normally W and Z bosons form the string or channel that pulls the protons and neutrons together. That thing is a similar reaction to the electromagnetic interaction, opposite bosons will pull particles together and the same bosons push them away. Two W bosons make the standing wave between the protons and neutrons. And then that pushes them away. 

So theoretical antigravity is the standing wave between gravitons. The graviton sends the gravitational waves that make similar standing waves as the W and Z bosons and the N/S poles in EM interaction. The transmitter particle in electromagnetism is a photon.

Photons are things that push electrons away from each other. The quantum magnetic field that travels through the atom's nucleus keeps the electrons at their orbiters. The outcoming energy field keeps that energy field at a certain distance from the atom's nucleus. 

The electron sends a photon when it changes its orbiter. The photon is the particle itself and when it turns itself into waveforms, that releases energy. In some models, dark energy is the energy, or wave that a photon transmits when it turns into wave movement. 

https://www.sciencefacts.net/atomic-nucleus.html

https://scitechdaily.com/from-theory-to-reality-graviton-like-particles-found-in-quantum-experiments/

https://scitechdaily.com/thought-to-be-impossible-scientists-propose-groundbreaking-method-to-detect-single-gravitons/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model